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Poojya Doddappa Appa College Of Engineering

Kalburgi-585102
An Arduino Based Accident Avoidance And
Identification System For Vehicles

Presented By:
SHWETA TALAWAR (3PD15EC089)
SHRADDHA BASHETTY (3PD15EC083)
RENUKA HUBBLY (3PD15EC069)
VISHWAJYOTHI (3PD15EC106)

Guide :
Sri. S.K.Aurad
ABSTRACT:
Vehicle accidents are one of the major causes of death. In order to avoid
the accidents and death caused by them, we introduce a system that is
Accident Avoidance and Identification System For Vehicles .
Here, our project will avoid the accident by shaft encoder which
automatically control the speed of the vehicle when the rpm speed is
greater than given value . In case of accident occurrence, the system
finds the accident spot at any place and inform to the relatives of the
victim ,police station , ambulance through GPS and GSM networks.
Presentation Flow:
 Introduction
 Literature Survey
 Principle of operations
 Functional Diagram
 Working of our system
 Hardware Aspect(Design and Role of individual blocks)
 Complete Circuit Diagra
 Software Aspects
 Implementation and Result
 Applications
 Merits and Demerits
 Conclusion and Future Scope
 References
Introduction
•When an individual driving the vehicle meets with an accident, there is a chance
that the individual may suffer from a serious injury or expire instantaneously and
there is no one around to help him .

•In that case our Proposed system will help to try to avoid the accident and in
case of accident occurrence it will inform about the accident to the nearest
hospitals or police station(generally control room) with real time geographical co-
ordinate vales through GSM module so that individual lives can be saved by giving
an immediate treatment .
LITERATURE SURVEY

1) Accident Alert and Tracking Using Arduino


Aarya D.S1, Athulya C.K2, Anas.P3, Basil Kuriakose4, Jerin Susan Joy5, Leena Thomas6
B.Tech Students, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,, MG University, Ernakulam,
India1,2,3,4
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mar Baselios Institute of
Technology and Science , Nellimattom, Kerala, India 5
Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mar Baselios Institute of
Technology and Science , Nellimattom, Kerala, India 6

2) Automatic Accident Alert and Safety System using Embedded GSM


Interface
Kajal Nandaniya ,I&C Department ,DDIT, Nadiad
Viraj Choksi ,Project Scientist ,BISAG, Ghandhinagar
Principle Of Operation

 Accident Avoidances
 Accident Identification
Accident Avoidance:
 we have a designed a system that controls the speed of the car and hence
avoid the accidents. An IR sensor is connected to the wheel of the vehicle
which sense the rpm of the wheel and count is done in the Ardunio
 When the rpm of the wheel increases more than the threshold value ,then it
is automatically decreased by decreasing the pulse width modulation of the
motor to which shaft is connected.
Accident Identification:

 When the car tilts from its stable position, its position will change
w.r.t the normal axes value. This change is detected is an accident.
 From its corresponding coordinate values we can judge in what way
the accident might have occurred and information about the accident
will be sent to nearest control room through GSM module that contain
below information.
An Arduino Based Accident Avoidance And Identification System For
Vehicles
Functional diagram
Working of our project

Our system is designed for the accident avoidance and identification system.
This whole system is to be implanted in the vehicle itself.

Accident Avoidance:
The IR sensor is connected to the wheel of the vehicle which senses the rpm of
the wheel and count is done in the Arduino. If the rpm of the wheel increases the
threshold value, then it is automatically decreased by decreasing the pulse width
modulation of the motor to which the shaft is connected.
 The GPS module can not be directly to the arduino , we use MAX232 IC which
converts RS232 to TTL logical levels .
Accident prevention using shaft encoder :

 An IR sensor is connected to the wheel of the vehicle which sense


the rpm of the wheel and count is done in the Arduino.

 When the rpm of the wheel increases more than the threshold
value ,then it is automatically decreased by decreasing the pulse
width modulation of the motor to which shaft is connected.
Accident Identification System:
When the car tilts from its stable position, its position will change w.r.t the
normal axes value. This change is detected is an accident. From its
corresponding coordinate values we can judge in what way the accident might
have occurred.
 The GPS locates the geographical coordinates of the place which
includes latitude-longitude values and creates a link Which is sent to
the nearby control room/mobile using the GSM module.
Design and Role of Functional Blocks

ACCELEROMETER Sensor :
 The 3 axis accelerometer sensor can be used to measure tilting of the
vehicle.
 The sensor which is used in our project is ADXL335 because it gives
complete 3 axis acceleration measurement and has built in ADC .
ARDUINO Uno

•The Arduino Uno is the main control unit of our project.

•It receives the value of the velocity and the tilting from the accelerometer sensor
and checks whether it matches with the defined condition and continues with further
proceeding.
IR Sensor (SHAFT ENCODER):

• IR sensor consist of an IR LED and IR photodiode together and they are called
as photo - coupler or Opto – coupler.
• The IR transmitter emits radiations on the surface of the object body which
again reflects back and received by the IR receiver that will give rpm value that
is revolution per minute.
Global Positioning System (GPS)

In our system GPS module will be used, which continuously gives real time GPS
coordinates of the current location to Arduino.

A velocity range for the vehicle is specified to Arduino. Then Arduino will compare
the velocity with respect to latitude and longitude value.
Global System for Mobile (GSM)
 SIM900A GSM module is used for sending SMS. When the velocity will exceed
the range for the given coordinate or when the car tilts implying that an
accident occurred, GSM will send SMS to some selected numbers.

 The SMS received by the cell phone and consists of location and the speed of
the vehicle.
Liquid Crystal Display(LCD)

A 16x2 LCD is an electronic display module which can display 16 characters per
line and there are 2 such lines.

In our system, the 16*2 LCD will display the current status of velocity
,latitudinal and longitudinal values .
Battery
 Battery (electricity), an array of electrochemical cells for electricity
storage, either individually linked or individually linked and housed in a
single unit.
 A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically
maintain a constant voltage level.
 
Complete Circuit Diagram
Algorithm
 Step1: Start.
 Step2: Continuously sense the speed and tilting of the vehicle.
 Step3: If the vehicle speed is more than the given threshold, reduce the
speed of the vehicle to prevent or avoid accident.
 Step4: If the tilting is more than the threshold value of tilting, it is
considered as an accident.
 Step5: Message is sent to the nearest control room.
An Arduino Based Accident Avoidance And Identification System For
Vehicles
Implementation and Result

 As per the proposed module we have designed and implemented


various sub modules and successfully tested individual modules and
relevant results.

 We interconnected all the individual circuits using Ardunio Uno board


and Successfully tested the complete system/project model and
observed the results
Result
Accident Avoidance
Accident Identification
APPLICATION
 Our proposed system will be used in vehicles
 Web Application can be developed to receive data from embedded
device through GSM shield using GPRS connection.
Merits and Demerits

Merits:
 Our system helps to reduce accidents.
 The system is of low-cost and is user friendly.
 Tracking of any vehicle can be done using without any delay
 An immediate medication will be provided to the accident victims in the
remote areas

Demerits:
 The main drawback of the system is that the reference value of the velocity
can’t be changed dynamically.
 In some places where there is no provision of GSM network it is difficult for
communication.
Conclusion

The proposed system will be developed to avoid accident occurrence


and track the location of the accident if occurred. It helps to easily
provide the assistant and help to the victim of the accident. This
system uses GPS module to locate the vehicle. GSM is used to provide
the information of accident.
Future Scope

Further this system can be extended with alcoholic detection also. If


the person who took alcohol is driving then vehicle will be stopped
immediately by giving alarm . This system can also be improvised by
interconnecting camera to the controller module that takes the
photographs of the accident spot and another one is system can
collect data base from the sensor and communicate with the web
server. For example an Insurance company can use data base about
an accident and provide money to the owner in time.
References

 [1] "Statistics of Accident & casualties – Bangladesh Road Transport


Authority(BRTA)", Brta.gov.bd, 2017. [Online]. Available:
http://www.brta.gov.bd/newsite/en/statistics-of-accident-casualties/.
[Accessed: 3- Sep- 2017].
 [2] "AccelerometerSensor,Working,Types,Specification,Selection,Applications",
Instrumentation-Electronics, 2017. [Online]. Available:
http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/accelerometer/2011/08/. [Accessed: 3-
Sep- 2017].
 [3] "Arduino - Home", Arduino.cc, 2017. [Online]. Available:
https://www.arduino.cc/. [Accessed: 3- Sep- 2017].
THANK YOU

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