OHSAS 18001:2007

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OUR OBJECTIVE
• This course is registered with international
register of certificated auditor (IRCA) and the
aim of event, as set by IRCA to provide
knowledge and skill to conduct first, second and
third party audit against OHSAS 18001.
Following the principles of SS ISO 9001- 2008.
Specific areas include,
1. The purpose of OHSAS 18001:2007
2. The principle of health and safety management
and risk assessment. 2
The inter relationship of OHSAS 18001 and ISO 9001.
The requirement of OHSAS 18001 in context of an audit.
Role and responsibilities of internal auditors.
Planning and execution of an audit in accordance with ISO 9001.
Report and results of an audit, factual and value added reports.
Audit follow up activities including evaluation of the
effectiveness of corrective action.

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Typical OH&S MS Structure
When considering what could or should be
included within OH&S MS documentation it is
important that the organization consider the
culture and needs of the organization as well as
the risks and applicable legislative
requirements that effects the organization. As
we are working inherently high risk situation
(explosives, high pressure vessels , harmful
substances).
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Typical OH&S MS Structure

• We will need more documentation than small or

simple once with no inherently processes. In
many organizations fewer things can be
managed by word of mouth or the odd notice
board. So we can say that with the help of
typical OH&MS development implementation
and maintenance of entire management system
should be focused.

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Integrated Management System
• Many organizations choose to integrate the
OH&S MS with other international systems such
as ISO :9001:2000.

Corporate Policy

OHSAS ISO
18001 9001
115251
Standard Operating Procedures (Quality, Health &
Safety , and Environment

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Benefits of an OH&S Management
System
• Ensures prevention rather than cure
• Provides for legislative compliance
• Clarifies responsibilities - assists with training
• Verifies that “safe systems of work” &
performance improvement are effective
• Improves communication
• Generates cost savings
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Benefits of Prevention
• COST ISSUES
• ill-health & absenteeism
• claims & insurance costs
• fines & legal fees
• loss of reputation
• PEOPLE ISSUES
• healthier & safer environment
• improves motivation
• better communication

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OHSAS 18001 Definitions of Accidents,
Incidents & Near Misses
• incident – work related event(s) in which an
injury or ill health (regardless of
severity) or fatality occurred, or
could have occurred
• accident – an incident which has given rise to
injury, ill health or fatality.
• near miss - an incident where no injury, ill
health, or fatality occurs may also
be referred to as a “near miss”,
“near hit”, “close call” or
“dangerous occurrence”.

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Accident Triangle: Bird

1 Serious or
disabling injury

10 Minor injuries

30 Property
damage accidents

600 Near Misses

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What is an OH&S MS?

“Part of an organisation’s management

system used to develop and implement its
OH&S policy and manage its OH&S risks”

OHSAS 18001 3.13

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In simple terms …

• An auditable way of delivering a safe system

of work
• Consistently
• Safely
• Legally
• In line with policy

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Plan – Do - Check – Act Systems

• PLAN
• Establish what needs to be done with regard to risks, legal
compliance and business objectives
• DO
• Implement plans, including proper training and communication,
to achieve objectives and legal obligations
• CHECK
• Measure progress against suitable performance indicators
• ACT
• Review progress against objectives, and change as necessary
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An auditable way of getting things done

PLAN
ACT

CHECK
DO

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OH&S MS Inputs
People Equipment Information
Manpower Machine Method

Money Materials Mother Nature

Resources Environment
Raw Materials
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Management Systems Structure
Management Processes

Policy,
Legal & Other Resources & Determine Management Emergency
objectives &
Requirements responsibilities controls Review preparedness
programmes

Operational Processes

Hazard Operational Incident Emergency Nonconformity &

identification & Control investigation response Corrective action
risk assessment

Support Processes

Control of Audit & Performance

Competence Consultation &
documents & evaluation of measurement &
& training communication
records compliance monitoring

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Typical System Documentation
• Policy statements
• Documented responsibility & authority
• Safe Systems of Work, Procedures
• Work Instructions, Method Statements
• Risk assessments
• Emergency Plans
• Accident forms and statistics
• Health surveillance records
• Permits to work, Authorisations, Licences, etc..
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OH&S 18001:2007

• A standard for Occupational Health & Safety

Management
• May be independently monitored
• Demands ongoing application
• Provides for continual performance improvement
• Is consistent with other management standards & HSE
guidance HSG65

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OHSAS 18002:2008

• Guidelines for the implementation of OHSAS

18001
• OHSAS 18002 is NOT INTENDED for
certification and is NOT a standard
• Quotes specific requirements from OHSAS
18001 and follows with relevant guidance

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Health and Safety Legal Framework

ACTS

REGULATIONS
Mandatory

CODES OF PRACTICE
Sometimes mandatory as
Approved Codes of Practice in UK

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL

STANDARDS INDUSTRY STANDARDS
AND GUIDANCE NOTES
Voluntary Guidance

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OH&S Law requires Employers to…

• Maintain equipment & work systems that are safe &

healthy
• Deal with substances safely
• Provide information, instruction, training & supervision
• Document health & safety policy (if employing 5 or more)
• Ensure that third parties are not put at risk
• Identify health & safety risks

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OH&S Law requires Employees to…

• Take care of their own health & safety at work

• Take care of the health & safety of others
• Co-operate with their employer
• Not misuse or interfere with equipment provided
for health & safety purposes

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The Law and Risk Assessments
• Requires risk assessments for
• risks to people from work activities
• Specifically for things like
• Substances e.g. chemicals, fumes, dusts
• Noise and vibration
• Display Screen Equipment
• Work Equipment
• Working at Height
• Manual Handling
• Fire
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Legal & other requirements 4.3.2

• Plans for regular reviews

• Ways of keeping up to date with changes to
legislation and other requirements
• Competent person to evaluate changes
• able to identify when legislation changes
• able to identify how they affect organisation
• Records of communication of current state

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Sources Legal & Other
Requirements
• All levels of government
• Manual Handling operation regulation1992
• The control of Lead at work regulation
2002.
• The Health and Safety (first aid)
regulations 1981.
• The noise at work regulations 2005.
• Personal protective equipment at work
regulation 1992.

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Glossary Of Risk Management
Terms
• Risk :- The chance of things happening that
could have an impact on the organization or unit,
on the out comes it achieves, or the objectives of
the various function it under takes.
• Risk analysis:- A systematic use of available
information to determine how often specified
events may occur and the magnitude of their
consequences.

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Glossary Of Risk Management
Terms

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 RISK MANAGEMENT
Internal/External pressures
Internal Pressure External Pressures
• Ethics & Beliefs Social
• Culture & Industry Political
• Pressure from employees Technological
• Change in process & competitive
practices
• Change of personnel economics
• Better utilization of resources
• Sickness & absence costs
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Hazard and Risk
“source, situation or act with a potential for harm in
terms of human injury or ill health or a combination
of these”
Hazard (OHSAS 18001 3.6)
“combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a
hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of
injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or
exposure(s)”
Risk (OHSAS 18001 3.21)
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Health Hazards
• Chemical
• inks & paints (irritants)
• solvents (asthma)
• oils & lubricants (skin
diseases)
• Physical
• radiation (cancer)
• noise (hearing loss)
• drills (vibration white finger)
• Ergonomic
• poor posture (back pain)
• repetitive work (WRULD)
• poor lighting (eye sight)
• Biological
• bacteria (infections)
• moulds, yeast & fungi
(asthma)
• viruses (infections)
• Psycho-social
• work/life balance (stress)
• family problems (alcohol
abuse)
• lifestyle (smoking)

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Safety Hazards
• chemical
• spills (slips & trips)
• splashes (burns)
• fumes (eye injuries)
• physical
• electricity (electrocution)
• machinery (entrapment)
• trailing leads (slips& trips)
• ergonomic
• overstretching (falls)
• manual handling (fractures)
• poor lighting (slips & trips)
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• biological
• loss of containment
(infection)
• air conditioning (Legionella)
• psycho-social
• tiredness (ignoring
warnings)
• loss of concentration
(ignoring key controls)
• working with public
(violence)
Risk Assessment

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Risk Assessment

Identify the hazards

Identify the people at risk

Quantify the risks

Evaluate the control measures

Record and review when required

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Risk Control

• Carrying out risk assessment

• Developing a risk control plan
• Implementing the risk control plan
• Monitoring of the control measures

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Risk Control Hierarchy
• Eliminate
• Substitute
• Engineering controls
• Guards
• Local Exhaust Ventilation
• Administrative controls
• Signage
• Warnings
• Training
• Restricting exposure
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• PPE FOR RESIDUAL RISK
Summary

• Being able to identify hazards, evaluate and

control the risks is fundamental to all health
and safety management systems
• For an OH&S system to be preventive rather
than reactive analysis of near misses and
incidents is important

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Policy & Objectives
• OH&S Policy
• Overall intentions and direction of the organisation
related to it’s OH&S performance as formally
expressed by top management
(OHSAS 18001 3.16)

• OH&S Objective
• OH&S goal in terms of OH&S performance that an
organisation sets itself to achieve
(OHSAS
47 18001 3.14)
Continual Improvement
Priority areas Targets must
Policy
will change over be translated
time Objectives & into plans
Target Setting

Performance Continual
Review
Planning
Improvement

Progress against
Measures plans must be
must be Performance monitored
used in some Measurement
way
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Purpose of policy and objectives
• Policy
• clarifies broadly the organisation’s direction and its OH&S aims
• sets the context of the organisation’s business
• commitment from the top to employees and/or customers

• Objectives
• a specific aim or target for achievement (e.g. reduce lost time injuries
within the packing lines by 15% by end of March 2009)

• OH&S objectives should link to the organisation’s OH&S Policy

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S.M.A.R.T Objectives
• SPECIFIC
• clear statement of what needs to be achieved
• MEASURABLE
• success can be objectively validated
• ACHIEVABLE
• is technically feasible
• REALISTIC
• can be done, we have the resources
• TIMEBOUND
• has a clear target date for
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 Where do objectives come from?
• Evaluation of compliance (clause 4.5.2), Management
Review Input (clause 4.6)
• Objectives (targets) may be set to address:
• changes in legislation
• problems identified by introducing new processes or by
reviewing existing occupational health and safety hazards and
risks
• new information on impact of hazards to the workforce
• new techniques and technological options
• complaints or concerns of employees, stakeholders, HSE,
customers, etc..
• OH&S performance (clause 4.5.1 & 4.5.3)
• Review of all OH&S & performance trends
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Summary
• OHSAS 18001 provides an auditable framework for
getting the right things done
• Requires effective inputs
• Understanding of current applicable legislation
• Results of risk assessments
• Internal performance measures
• Requires effective application of the PDCA cycle
• Plan
• Do
• Check
• Act

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Process Approach

Objectives Requirements Controls Legislation

supply production delivery customer

audits by process

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