PRE-EAP

MEETING # 1 & 2
Introduction to Pre-EAP
■ All students should attend the Pre-EAP class with the
exception of [EXEMPTED] students.
■ [EXEMPTED] means that particular student is allowed to
drop the pre-EAP class and immediately assigned to EAP
class next year.
■ There are criteria that should be met for students to be
[EXEMPTED] from the class as such;
EPT SCORE GRADE PARTICIPATION TO ENGLISH COURSE

> 627 4.00 (A) Exempted from 14.1002.2.ING (EAP) Course

583 – 626.99 3.70 (A-) Exempted from 14.1002.2.ING (EAP) Course

543 – 582.99 3.30 (B+) Exempted from 14.1002.2.ING (EAP) Course

503 – 542.99 3.00 (B) Join 14.1002.2.ING (EAP) Course

460 – 502.99 2.70 (B-) Join 14.1002.2.ING (EAP) Course

420 – 459.99 2.30 (C+) Join 14.1002.2.ING (EAP and Pre-EAP)

Course
380 – 419.99 2.00 (C) Join 14.1002.2.ING (EAP and Pre-EAP)
Course
337 – 379.99 1.00 (D) Join 14.1002.2.ING (EAP and Pre-EAP)
Course
< 337 0.00 (F) Join 14.1002.2.ING (EAP and Pre-EAP)
Course
Classroom Policy
■ Maximum tolerance for lateness is 15 minutes. Otherwise,
they will be considered absent.
■ Mobile phones are prohibited unless told otherwise by the
teachers.
■ Zero tolerance for plagiarism and cheating.
Score Percentage
■ The grade of Pre-EAP will contribute 20% to EAP grade.
Grading

■ Class Participation 20%

20% 20%

■ Assignments 30%
■ Quiz 20%
■ Peer Retelling 10% 20%

30%
■ Final Exam 20% 10%

Participation Assignments Peer Retelling Quiz Final Exam

 MEETING # 1
SKIMMING: MAIN IDEA &
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Sub-topics

■ Topic

■ Main Idea

■ Supporting Details
Learning Objectives

■Identify topic, main idea, and

supporting details of an academic
text
PARAGRAPH
■ A group of specially and intentionally related sentences; a
thought unit; sentences that revolve around a single idea
and is a writer’s attempt to develop an idea or part of an
idea.
■ A paragraph usually consists of;
■ Topic
■ Main Idea
■ Details / Supporting Details
■ Transitions
Organization of Paragraph

■ 1. Statement of the main idea

■ 2. Elaboration of the main idea and supporting details.

■ 3. Restatement of the main idea-summary of main ideas or

conclusions.
Topic

■ The topic is the subject that the paragraph is about.

■ The main idea can usually be located if you can determine

what the topic is.

■ To find the topic of a paragraph, ask the simple question,

“Who or what is the selection about?”
Main Idea

■Chief point an author is making

about a topic. It sums up the
author’s primary message.
Topic Sentence

■ Statement of the main idea is called Topic Sentence

■ It is the statement under which all other material in the

paragraph – examples, reasons, facts, details and other
evidence – can fit.
Location of the Topic Sentence

■ Topic sentences are usually in the first sentence of the

paragraph, but not always.

■ They may also be located within the paragraph or at the end

of the paragraph.

■ They may even appear twice – at the beginning and at the

end.
Stated and Implied Main Idea

■ Sometimes, a paragraph has a stated main idea usually in

the topic sentence. This means the paragraph “says” what
the main idea is.

■ Sometimes, a paragraph doesn’t have a stated main idea,

but has an “implied” main idea. This means that you need
to state the main idea in your own words because it doesn’t
actually “say” it in the paragraph.
Supporting Details

■ A paragraph contains facts, statements, examples-specifics

which guide us to a full understanding of the main idea.

■ They clarify, illuminate, explain, describe, expand and

illustrate the main idea and are supporting details.
Determining Supporting Details

■ 1. Decide which details help to further the story line.

■ 2. Decide which details help you to understand the main

idea.

■ 3. Answer question raised by the main idea (who, what

when, why or how).
Types of Supporting Materials

■ Examples, Illustrations, Graphs

■ Facts and Statistics

■ Reasons

■ Descriptive Details

■ Steps or Procedures

■ Comparison or Contrast
Let’s practice!
READ THE TEXT !
■ According to WebMd, there are a number of symptoms
associated with hypothyroidism. One common symptom is
the inability to tolerate cold. People with hypothyroidism
feel cold more intensely and often wear light sweaters, even
during the summer. Another symptom is feeling tired
throughout the day. In addition, individuals with this
disease often experience hair loss. (Some women find that
they never have to shave their legs again.) Yet another
symptom is dry skin. Perhaps most problematic is modest
weight gain. People with undiagnosed hypothyroid disease
often gain weight even when they do not overeat.
What is the topic of the paragraph?

■The symptoms of hypothyroidism

or hypothyroid disease.

HOW DO WE KNOW THIS?

READ THE TEXT !
■ According to WebMd, there are [a number of symptoms
associated with hypothyroidism]. One common symptom is
the inability to tolerate cold. People with hypothyroidism
feel cold more intensely and often wear light sweaters, even
during the summer. Another symptom is feeling tired
throughout the day. In addition, individuals with this
disease often experience hair loss. (Some women find that
they never have to shave their legs again.) Yet another
symptom is dry skin. Perhaps most problematic is modest
weight gain. People with undiagnosed hypothyroid disease
often gain weight even when they do not overeat.
Stated or Implied Main Idea?

■Stated in the 1 sentence at the

st

beginning of the paragraph.

What are the supporting details in the
paragraph?
■ According to WebMd, there are a number of symptoms
associated with hypothyroidism. One common symptom is
the inability to tolerate cold.1 People with hypothyroidism
feel cold more intensely and often wear light sweaters, even
during the summer. Another symptom is feeling tired 2
throughout the day. In addition, individuals with this
disease often experience hair loss.3 (Some women find that
they never have to shave their legs again.) Yet another
symptom is dry skin.4Perhaps most problematic is modest
5 weight gain. People with undiagnosed hypothyroid disease
often gain weight even when they do not overeat.
Outline of the Paragraph
■ Topic Sentence: There are a number of symptoms
associated with hypothyroidism.
■ Supporting Details;
■ Inability to tolerate cold.
■ Feeling tired.
■ Hair loss.
■ Dry skin.
■ Weight gain.
What transition words that are used in
the paragraph?
■ According to WebMd, there are a number of symptoms
associated with hypothyroidism. One common symptom is
the inability to tolerate cold.1 People with hypothyroidism
feel cold more intensely and often wear light sweaters, even
during the summer. Another symptom is feeling tired 2
throughout the day. In addition, individuals with this
disease often experience hair loss.3 (Some women find that
they never have to shave their legs again.) Yet another
symptom is dry skin.4Perhaps most problematic is modest
5 weight gain. People with undiagnosed hypothyroid disease
often gain weight even when they do not overeat.
 MEETING # 2
TEXT STRUCTURE & PRACTICE
What is Text Structure?

■ Text structure refers to the internal organization of a text.

■ As authors write a text to communicate an idea, they will use

a structure that goes along with the idea.

(Meyer 1985)
What is Text Structure?

■ When you recognize how the author connects ideas in the

text, you will be able to find the relationship of the ideas and
the key concepts presented in the text, monitor your
comprehension of the text and retain the information you
read more easily.
Text Structure

Fiction Non-Fiction

Story Elements • Description

• Characters • Sequence
• Setting • Compare and Contrast
• Problems/Solution • Cause and effect
• Plot • Problem/Solution
 Compare and
Problem and
Description Sequence Contrast Cause and Effect
Solution

Describes a Explains why

Describes items Tells about a
topic, idea, Shows how two something
or events in problem and
person, place, or more things happened
order; tells steps offers one or
thing by listing its are alike or (cause); What
to follow to do more possible
characteristics or different happened is the
something solutions
examples effect

Solution

Solution Solution

Problem
Signal Questions
Compare and Cause and Problem and
Description Sequence
Contrast Effect Solution
• What specific • What items, • What things • What • What is the
topic, person, events, or are being happened? problem?
idea, or thing steps are compared?
being listed? • Why did it • Why is this a
described? • In what ways happen? problem?
• Do they have are they alike?
• How is it to happen in • What caused • Is anything
described? this order? • In what ways it to happen? being done
(What does it are they to solve the
look like, how • Do they always different? problem?
does it do?) happen in this
order? • What can be
• What is done to
important to solve the
remember problem?
about it?
 Signal Words
Compare and Cause and Problem and
Description Sequence
Contrast Effect Solution
•For instance •First •Same as •So •Question is…
•Such as… •Second •Similar •Because •Dilemma is…
•To begin with •Next •Alike •Since •The puzzle is…
•An example •Then •As well as •Therefore •To solve this…
•To illustrate •Before •Not only… but •If…then •One answer
•Characteristics •After also •This led to is…
•(Find the topic •Finally •Both •Reason why •One reason for
word or a •Following •Instead of •As a result the problem
synonym or •Not long •Either…or •May be due to is…
pronoun to be after •On the other •Effect of
repeated ) •Now hand •Consequently
•Soon •Different from •For this reason
•As opposed to
Example of Description
Example of Sequence
Example of Compare and Contrast
Example of Cause and Effect
Let’s practice!
What Structure is it?
Yara Haider is one of many new students at Lebanese
Technical College. She is nineteen and from Aleppo, Syria. Her
father is Lebanese, so she is studying in Beirut in order to
learn about her native country and culture. She is living in
Beirut with her aunt. She is studying to be a fashion designer.
Yara likes the LTC very much. She likes the friendly students
and the helpful teachers. She also thinks her classes are
excellent, but she doesn’t like the food in the cafeteria.

DESCRIPTION
What Structure is it?
The twist is a dance inspired by rock and roll music. To
do the twist, first stand with your feet approximately shoulder
width apart. The torso may be squared to the knees and hips,
or turned at an angle so one foot is farther forward than the
other. Then, hold your arms out from your body, bent at your
elbow. Next, rotate your hips, torso, and legs as a single unit
with your arms staying more or less stationary. Every so often
lift one leg off of the floor for styling. Now you’re doing the
twist!

SEQUENCE
What Structure is it?
No one knows exactly what causes tornados, but some
scientists believe that when warm air meets cold air, a tornado
may form. The reason for this is that the warm air is lighter
than the cold air, so it rises up fast and meets different winds
moving different directions. Under the right conditions, this can
cause a tornado. Though there is still much mystery
surrounding tornados, many people believe that when warm
moist air meets cool dry air, tornados can result.

CAUSE AND EFFECT

What Structure is it?
Hurricanes and tornados are both amazing yet deadly
natural phenomena. Both generate deadly conditions, but in
different ways. Tornados are likely to damage people and
property with their high winds, which go up to 300 miles per
hour, but hurricanes are generally more feared for their
flooding. Also, hurricanes can produce tornados, which makes
them quite dangerous indeed.

Compare and Contrast

What Structure is it?
Hurricanes and tornados are both amazing yet deadly
natural phenomena. Both generate deadly conditions, but in
different ways. Tornados are likely to damage people and
property with their high winds, which go up to 300 miles per
hour, but hurricanes are generally more feared for their
flooding. Also, hurricanes can produce tornados, which makes
them quite dangerous indeed.

Problem and Solution

MATCHING EXERCISE
What to do?
■ Working in groups for 60 minutes.
■ Identify the type of text.
■ 5 type of texts – 10 texts to match.
■ Provide reason(s) why it belongs there.
■ The text with a STAR* sign needs to be identified; main
idea, and supporting details.

■ Submit your group work to the front.

Elephant
Elephant is a herbivore animal and eat all almost all of the vegetation
and fruits. They have almost hairless skin, wide ears, four legs, and long trunk.
Elephants is known as the largest mammals. The elephants also have very
sharp auditory because they have big and wide ears. By these ears, they can
hear sounds from a distance about tens kilometer. At the back of the ears, they
have one of the softest parts of their body which is called the knuckle. In a zoo,
Mahouts (elephant trainers) use their feet to steer or give commands to the
animal via that knuckle. Now, they are a kind of protected animals because
their population remains little in their habitat. Their population began to decline
year by year.

DESCRIPTION
Milkshake
Milkshakes as one of the most iconic American desserts are very easy to make. They’re
refreshingly cool, slurp-ably sweet and come in pretty much any flavor you can imagine. A single
sip gets us dreaming of old-school diners and hamburger stands on a sultry summer day, and just
a few more satisfy any sweet tooth. It is easy to make milkshake. First, you end your ingredients
straight to the blender. For best results, put in your milk first. That will get the blender mixing
quickly. Be sure to let your ice cream soften before scooping. If it’s too hard, you might end up
having to add more milk, which thins the shake. We’re going to make a strawberry shake, so we’ll
add 1/2 cup frozen unsweetened strawberries and 1 tablespoon strawberry preserves. Next, it is
time to blend away. You’ll want to keep an eye on the consistency. This recipe creates a
Goldilocks-style shake: not too firm and not too soft (runny). Of course, you can always customize
it either way. Use less milk for a thicker, spoonable shake; more for a thinner, sippable one. Lastly,
pour your milkshake into a chilled glass to serve. It tastes great straight-up or topped with a tower
of whipped cream. Feeling fancy? Layer on toppings like chocolate syrup, sugary cereal or rainbow
sprinkles. It’s easy!

SEQUENCE
Dropping Out
For many teenagers, there are numerous negative factors that can lead them to give up
on their education and drop out of school. The first cause is that many teenagers lack positive
role models in their lives. The lack of an encouraging adult in their lives can cause them to think
negatively about themselves and it does not allow them to live up to their full potential. Also, the
lack of a positive role model can cause them to get involved with the wrong kind of people and
activities. When students get involved in these types of negative situations, they usually don't
focus on school. This can lead many impressionable young children to give up on their education.
Another factor that cause a student to give up on school is a lack of determination. If they're not
determined to graduate, it can be very difficult for them to stay in school. Many students find it
difficult to stay focused on school when they when they feel that getting an education is useless.
Some students only attend school because they are forced to and they are not there to further
their education. The third and final factor is peer pressure. Many students give into pure pressure
very easily. If the pure pressure is negative, this can lead them into drugs and alcohol. The drugs
and alcohol can cause them to drop out very easily because that is the only thing that they are
focused on and it can easily ruin a child's life.

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Allopathy
Allopathy and homeopathy are quite different. Allopathy is the
treatment of disease of one kind by exciting a disease of another kind or
in another part. It is sometimes incorrectly used as a name for orthodox
medicine or Western medicine. Homeopathy, in contrast, is a system of
medicine based on the treatment of a given disease by administering
small quantities of a drug which produces the symptoms of that disease
in a healthy person. The treatment of illnesses, then, would be markedly
dissimilar because the underlying beliefs are strongly differentiated.

Compare and Contrast

How to Relieve Exam Anxiety
There are certain things which students can do if they suffer from exam
anxiety. To begin with, they should get a good night’s sleep the day before the exam. If
they sleep well, they will be able to concentrate and do well in the exam. If not, this will
cause more stress and anxiety. The second effective solution is to change their poor
study habits. If they start to study one day before the exam, this will cause worry and
stress. However, if they change such habits and start to study regularly, this will
give them confidence before and during the exam. The last thing they should do is to
think positive. When they think positive, they will get rid of all their fears and worries.
For example, visualizing themselves as a student who has a high mark before the
exam can make them feel better. In summary, getting a good night’s sleep, changing
their poor study habits and thinking positive are effective solutions to deal with exam
anxiety.

Problem and Solution