LESSON 14:

VIDEO INFORMATION AND

MEDIA
JACKIE LOU SANTOS
PONDS CRISTY GULLE
IRISH JOY LAURON
CARL VENCINT LEAL
 Probably the most influential and most
powerful medium today is the video. About
seventy-five million people worldwide
watch videos online each month (Sanchez,
2013). Anyone who has access to television
and internet are constantly bombarded by
video information everyday.
How often do you watch videos either online or on
television?
What are the types of video that you actually
watch?
How many of the current events that you know as of
the moment have been retrieved through watching
videos?
What valuable information that you know now have
you obtained because of video?
VIDEO
A video is a recorded set of moving
images, usually accompanied with audio. It can
be a television show, a movie, a music video, a
video presentation, or a plain video record of
an event in your family.
THE INVENTION OF MOVING PICTURES
Eadweard Muybridge, born Edward
Muggeridge in England in 1830, moved to America
at age 20 where he first worked as a publisher’s
agent and bookseller. During his time in San
Francisco, he discovered photography and eventually
became known for his landscape and architectural
subjects.
When a horse trots or gallops, does it
ever become fully airborne? This was
the question Muybridge set out to
answer in 1878. Former California
governor Leland Stanford was
convinced the answer was yes and
commissioned Muybridge to provide
proof. Muybridge developed a way
to take photos with an exposure
lasting a fraction of a second and,
with reporters as witnesses, arranged
12 cameras along a track on
Stanford’s estate.
 Before, all you need in
making a video is a camera
and a film reel. Today, most
videos are digitally. They
come in array of formats—
WMV, ASF, MOV, MPEG, AVI,
and more.
A video can be watched
in a number of media:
television, theaters, smart
phones, cameras, computers,
and the internet.
VIDEO INFORMATION

An information within a video is called video

information.
1. MOVIE
 often referred to as ”motion picture,” it is a literary
work of video and is usually shown in a theater or
television. Examples are commercial movies,
independent movies, documentaries, etc.
2. TELEVISION PROGRAM
 a segment content created for television broadcast.
Examples are news programs, soap operas, etc.
3. MUSIC VIDEO
 videotaped performance of a music, usually
accompanied by interpretation of its lyrics.
4. VIDEO CLIP
 short clip of video, often a part of a longer
recording; usually published online.
5. VIDEO COMMERCIAL/INFOMERCIAL
 short clip of video aired at different time intervals
that aim to promote or inform the public about a
product, service, or issue.
THE POWER OF VIDEO INFORMATION AND
MEDIA
 When the Syrian civil war intensified in 2015, a number of video
broadcasts were aired featuring the events that showed how badly the
war-stricken areas in Syria had become and often highlighted the damage
the war had brought to the Syrian people. One of these videos showed a
Hungarian camera operator kicking two refugee children and a man
carrying his son who were attempting to run from authorities at the border
of Hungary. People who had seen the footage condemned the camera
operator’s behavior. The man who had been tripped, on the other hand,
was given a football job in Madrid, Spain.
 In 2007, raves about a young Filipina singer made its
round on YouTube. A fan of Charice Pempengco uploaded
a series of Charice’s local and international performances
on the site. The superior voice power of the petite Filipina
amazed YouTube users worldwide, including popular
American personalities Ellen DeGeneres, Oprah Winfrey,
and David Foster. Since then, Charice became a hit,
appeared on international shows and movies, and even
recorded a song that topped the international music
charts.
 Perhaps the most popular success story that happened within
YouTube was the sudden rise of Canadian pop singer Justin
Bieber. It was also in 2007 when Bieber’s mother uploaded
performances of his twelve-year-old son on YouTube for their
relatives to see. Then, by accident, music marketer Scooter
Braun reached Bieber’s channel. Impressed by the boy’s talent,
Braun searched and contacted Bieber’s mother to invite her
son to record demo tapes. Two years after that, Justin Bieber
became a household name not only to Canada, but in USA as
well. Months after, the Bieber phenomenon reached the world.
 Video is often considered as the most powerful
medium because it reproduces an information closest to
reality. It is the digital simulation of an information,
capturing most of an event’s images and sounds. It provides
people with visual and audio stimuli which further
strengthen the communication between the receiver and the
information provider (Bradshaw, 2014). It piques a person’s
interest more and stimulates his/her and emotions better.
Thus, videos attract and sway more people than ordinary
visuals and audios.
 Brain expert Dr. Susan Weinschenk (2013), as cited in
a Forbes article, stated four core reasons why humans are
drawn to video.
1. The brain is hard-wired to use the human face as a
“gathering point of information and believability.”
2. Voice conveys rich information.
3. Emotions are contagious and can affect receiver.
4. Motion grabs attention.
 As video professional Richard Tiland (2014)
puts it, video is now “beyond entertainment.” As of
today, video has affected many social institutions
greatly.
 Many commercial companies use videos to market
their products and services.
 Social agencies propagate videos to raise
people’s awareness of a certain social issue.
 Some educational institutions nowadays utilize videos
in deepening their students’ understanding of a lesson.
 Parents let their preschool children watch educational
shows to hasten their learning abilities.
 Social networks, such as Skype and Facebook video
messaging, also aid in communication.
 The world has changed greatly since the
video was conceived. However, it has setbacks
too for both the producer and the receiver.
For the producer: For the receiver:
 cost of production  poor signal
requires a well-lit and  some prefer direct
acceptable location information presented to
them
number of equipment
 necessary skills to create a
video
script
EVALUATING VIDEO INFORMATION
In evaluating video information, regardless of type,
one should always involve the following four points:
 source
 medium
 purpose
 presentation
1. WHAT/ WHO IS THE SOURCE OF
INFORMATION?
2. WHAT IS THE MEDIUM USED?
3. WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
4. HOW IS THE VIDEO INFORMATION MADE?
SELECTION CRITERIA: VIDEO INFORMATION
AND MEDIA
One must always keep in mind the relevance,
triangulation, point of view, medium used, audience, and
quality in selecting a video information and medium.
PRODUCING A VIDEO INFORMATION

Compared to other types of information, production

of a video information requires more time and effort. The
basic workflow of video production is as follows:

1. Pre-production
 involves storyboarding, scriptwriting, casting, etc.
2. Production
 includes shooting, filming, etc.
3. Post-production
involves sequencing, editing, adding audio, file
compression, etc.
4. Video Release
 posting of video on television, internet, etc.; public
viewing
PRE-PRODUCTION
- Revolves around the planning.
1. CONCEPTUALIZE THE STORY OF YOUR
VIDEO

2. PREPARE A PRODUCTION SCHEDULE

 3. PLAN THE CREW
a. Producer g. Wardrobe/Prop Master
b. Director h. Location Manager
c. Assistant Director i. Prop Builder(s)
d. Director of Photography j. Lighting/Teleprompter Technician
e. Scriptwriter(s) j. Sound and video editor(s)
f. Cast
4. WRITE THE SCRIPT

A teleplay (TV Script) is divided into two columns:

video and audio. The video column shall contain the
visualization of the scene, including the actors’ emotions,
camera angles, camera shots, and camera techniques.
5. VISUALIZE THE SCRIPT
6. FIND AND SECURE LOCATIONS
7. CAST THE ACTORS
8. PREPARE THE PRODUCTION DESIGN
9. MAKE A FLOOR PLAN
10. MAKE A STORYBOARD
11. MAKE A SHOOTING SCHEDULE
 PRODUCTION
- Is the actual execution of the plans made in the
previous stage. This is where filming the video takes
place.
CAMERA ANGLES

1. High Angle
 Camera is held higher than
or shooting down a subject
 Often portrays the subject
as weak or child-like
 Used to shoot wide shots
2. LOW ANGLE
 Camera is held lower
than the subject.
 Gives the subject a
powerful, aggressive,
dominant aura.
3. EYE LEVEL
 Portrays neutrality
 Often used in
corporate videos, news,
and comedies.
CAMERA SHOTS

1. ESTABLISHING SHOT
 shows the vastness
 usually shown at the
beginning to introduce the
setting to the viewer
2. LONG SHOT
 shows the whole body of
the subject
 used to establish scene or
subject
3. MEDIUM SHOT
shows subject from waist
up
used to focus on the
subject while providing
room for gestures
most commonly used
camera shot
4. BUST SHOT
 shows object from chest
up
 provides intimate view of
subject, focusing on her/his
face
5. TIGHT SHOT/ CLOSE UP
 shows the face of the subject
 provides emotion to the scene
6. EXTREME TIGHT
SHOT/ EXTREME CLOSE
UP
 shows a particular part of
the subject (ex. Eyes, nose,
mouth, etc.)
 used to draw attention to
minute details
7. POINT OF VIEW
 shot in eye level angle, it
aims to make the viewer
feel that she/he is the
character or she/ he is
part of the scene.
CAMERA TECHNIQUES

1. ZOOM IN/ ZOOM OUT

 change the focal length of a camera to make a
subject appear closer or farther.
 (zoom in) provides sense of magnification
 (zoom out) reveals surroundings of the subject while
maintaining the subject in the frame
2. TILT
 moving the camera up or down while changing its
vertical axis
 usually used in point of view shots

3. PEDESTAL
 moving the camera up or down without changing
its vertical axis
 adds suspense or surprise
4. DOLLY
 moving the camera forward (dolly in) or
backward (dolly out) to make a subject appear
closer or farther

5. TRUCK
 Similar to dolly, only with sideward movement
 Adds dimension in the scene
 Show the relationship of the subject with the
objects in the surroundings
 POST-PRODUCTION
- Directors and all technical staff must coordinate
well with each other. The editors should be adept in
using a video editing software.
1. Watch all the clips that you have recorded and
pick out the best clips that you will use.
2. Trim the clips that you have chosen. Label it
accordingly.
3. Move the clips into your project timeline.
4. Add transitions, effects, color tone, etc.
5. Choose the proper music for each scene.
6. Record the voice over (if necessary).
7. Apply the voice over to the project timeline.
8. Watch the output with other crew members. Elicit
opinions from them.
9. Edit the output (if necessary).
10. Re-watch the output.
11. Render the video.
REFERENCES
100 Photographs | The Most Influential Images of All Time. (2019). See The
First Time A Photo Proved What The Eye Couldn't See. [online] Available
at: http://100photos.time.com/photos/eadweard-muybridge-horse-in
motion
YouTube. (2013). The horse in motion (Eadweard Muybridge) 1878 First
FilmEver. [online] Available at https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=heRuLp7CyTM
Ecosia.org. (n.d.). Ecosia - the search engine that plants trees. [online] Available
at:https://www.ecosia.org/images?q=film+reel#id=79F1D129D2E06D
1CEE88F651A3B2B3584BEC7643