DRUG ABUSE AND

ITS PREVENTION
BS. IT 1-B GROUP 2
 DRUG DEPENDENCE?
• ACCORDING TO “WHO” (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION) - A
STATE, PSYCHIC OR ALSO SOMETIMES PHYSICAL, RESULTING
FROM THE INTERACTION BETWEEN A LIVING ORGANISM AND A
DRUG, CHARACTERIZED BY BEHAVIORAL AND OTHER RESPONSES
THAT ALWAYS INCLUDE A COMPULSIVE DESIRE OR NEED TO USE
THE DRUG ON A CONTINOUS BASIS IN ORDER TO EXPERIENCE ITS
EFFECTS/TO AVOID THE DISCOMFORT OF ITS ABSENCE
2 STATE OF DRUG
DEPENDENCE
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEPENDENCE (COULD BE BOTH)
 PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
• CERTAIN PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS - CAUSE A CHANGE IN
A BODY CHEMISTRY WHEN TAKEN FREQUENTLY IN
LARGE DOSES OVER LONG PERIOD OF TIME.
• IF NOT TAKEN, THE BODY SHOWS A “WITHDRAWAL
EFFECT” THAT CAN LEAD TO DEATH UNLESS IT IS DONE
BY A HELP OR UNDER SUPERVISION OF A DOCTOR.
• EXAMPLES – ALCOHOL, COCAINE, HEROIN
 PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
• THE BODY OF A ABUSER DOESN’T TOTALLY NEED NOR CRAVE FOR
THE TAKEN DRUG
• THE ABUSER STILL CONVINCED HIS/HER MIND THAT HE NEEDS THE
DRUG
• FEELS NOT SATISFIED WHEN NOT TAKEN THE DRUG
• EXAMPLES - HALLUCINOGENS (TRAMADOL) NICOTINE (FOUND
MOSTLY IN CIGARETTES)
 PHASES OF DRUG
DEPENDENCE
• EXPERIMENTATION PHASE – THE NEW USER TRIES TO TAKE THE DRUG
FOR THE FIRST TIME IN HIS LIFE BUT THE FIRST TIMERS ALWAYS FIND
IT FOR PLEASURE BUT NOT ALWAYS CAUSE SOMETIMES IT CAN
RESULT IN BAD EXPERIENCE LIKE ILL-EFFECTS.
• EXAMPLES - A FIRST TIME SMOKER TRIES A CIGARETTE FOR THE FIRST
TIME THAT CAN LEAD TO TEARING/REDNESS OF THE EYES, COULD
LIKELY TO COUGH, UNPLEASANT SMELL OF SMOKE FOR THEM.
 PHASES OF DRUG
DEPENDENCE
• OCCASIONAL OR SOCIAL USE – PEER INFLUENCE
ARE THE MAJOR FACTOR WITH THEM. THE ILL
EFFECTS ARE NO LONGER EXPERIENCED. HE USING
DRUGS ANYTIME HE/SHE WANTS BUT NOT
CRAVING INTO THEM, CAN CONTROL IT BY USING
ONLY WHEN AVAILABILITY WAS THERE.
 PHASES OF DRUG
DEPENDENCE
• REGULAR USE - CRAVING FOR THE DRUGS
ALREADY DEVELOP, CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR
NOTICEABLE.
• IN TIME CRAVING FOR DRUG USE INCREASE.
 PHASES OF DRUG
DEPENDENCE
• DRUG DEPENDENCE - USES DRUGS DAILY/TIME TO TIME.
• THE DRUGS BECOMES THE CENTER OF HIS/HER LIFE.
• FUTURE RUINED, ONLY LOOKS FOR DRUGS AND MORE
DRUGS (COULD LEAD TO SERIOUS CRIMES IF NOT
APPROACHED)
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
A. SUBTLE SYMPTOMS
• SECRECY
• INCREASING ISOLATION
• CHANGE IN FRIENDS
• CHANGE IN DRESSING AND APPEARANCE
• CHANGES IN INTERESTS AND ACTIVITIES
• DROP IN GRADES
• CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
B. NOT SO-SUBTLE SYMPTOMS
• PERIODS OF DEEP DEPRESSION
• INCREASED, UNEXPLAINED ABSENTEEISM
• MONEY PROBLEMS
• EXTREME LOSS OR GAIN OF WEIGHT
• EXPULSION FROM SCHOOL
• PHYSICALLY ABUSING IN OWN FAMILY
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
B. NOT SO-SUBTLE SYMPTOMS
• REBELLIOUS OFFENSIVE BEHAVIOR
• APPEARANCE OF NEW FRIENDS ( COMMONLY SAME
BEHAVIORS)
• ACTING QUERY
• LONG PERIODS OF TIME IN BATHROOM
• AVOIDING TALKING ABOUT IT WHEN ASKING
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
C. SURE-FIRE INDICATORS
•POSSESSION OF DRUGS AND PARAPHERNALIA
•NEEDLE MARKS
•SPENDING TIME WITH SAME DRUG ABUSERS
•DEFENDING SAME ABUSER USES DRUGS
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
C. SURE-FIRE INDICATORS
• THOUGHTS OF SUICIDE
• ARRESTS IN A RELATION OF DRUG-RELATED CASE
• POSSESSION OF LARGE AMOUNT OF MONEY
• REPEATEDLY REDNESS OF EYES
• DILATED EYE
• PUFFY OR DROOPY EYELIDS
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
A. FAMILY
• ESCAPE FROM STRICT/DOMINATING PARENTS
• LACK OF COMMUNICATION
• FREQUENTLY QUARRELING IN PRESENCE
• OVERPROTECTIVE PARENTS
• NEGLECTED CHILDREN
• NO FAMILY TIME FOR CHILDREN
• FEELS OF PREFERRING TO BE WITH PEERS/FRIENDS FOR SATISFACTION
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
A. FAMILY
• ESCAPE FROM STRICT/DOMINATING PARENTS
• LACK OF COMMUNICATION
• FREQUENTLY QUARRELING IN PRESENCE
• OVERPROTECTIVE PARENTS
• NEGLECTED CHILDREN
• NO FAMILY TIME FOR CHILDREN
• FEELS OF PREFERRING TO BE WITH PEERS/FRIENDS FOR SATISFACTION
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
B. SCHOOL
• ABSENCE OF DRUG EDUCATION
• NOT GIVING PROPER DRUG EDUCATION
• TEACHERS NOT ABLE TO ACQUIRE THE NECESSARY KNOWLEDGE
ABOUT DRUG EDUCATION/NOT WELL TRAINED
• TEACHERS ARE NOT SENSITIVE
• TEACHERS ONLY FOCUSES ON ACADEMIC PURPOSES
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
C. COMMUNITY
• EASILY ACCESSIBLE
• INCREASING NUMBER OF PUSHERS/ABUSERS
• NO RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN COMMUNITY
• NO VOCATIONAL OR SKILLED TRAINING FOR OUT-OF-
SCHOOL YOUTH
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
D. MEDIA
•OVERSENSATIONALIZATION OF NEWS
STORIES ABOUT DRUGS FOUND IN MEDIA
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
E. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
•ILLNESS LIKE FATIGUE, CHRONIC COUGH,
INSOMNIA, PHYSICAL DISTRESS AND MENTAL
DISORDERS RELIEVE BY THESE DRUGS
•WITH USING DRUGS BODY WORKS ACTIVELY BUT
CONTINUING USING OF THESE RESULT IN
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCY
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
F. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
• LOW SELF-ESTEEM AND POOR SELF-IMAGE
• NEED OF ACCEPTANCE
• FEELING FOR MORE FREEDOM
• ESCAPE FROM REALITY
• MENTAL PROBLEM
• ATTENTION SEEKING/GETTING
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
G. PARENTAL NEGLIGENCE
• OVER DOMINEERING PARENTS
• LACK OF PARENTAL CONCERN/CLOSENESS
• REJECTION
• ABUSE
• FAMILY DISORGANIZATION
• HARSH PHYSICAL PUNISHMENT
• CHILDHOOD STRESS AND TRAUMA
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
H. SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS
• AVAILABILITY OF OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS
• INFLUENCE OF MEDIA
• IMPACT OF AFFLUENT LIFESTYLE OF HIGH
UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM
• EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT CULTURES AND
SOCIETAL VALUES
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
H. SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS
•SOCIAL PRESSURES BY PEER GROUPS
•COLLAPSE OF RELIGIOUS VALUES
•FEELING OF POWERLESS
•LOWER VALUE OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
•CORRUPTION
 PRIMARY CAUSE OF DRUG
ABUSING
H. SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS
•SOCIAL PRESSURES BY PEER GROUPS
•COLLAPSE OF RELIGIOUS VALUES
•FEELING OF POWERLESS
•LOWER VALUE OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
•CORRUPTION
 CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
A. MARIJUANA – POT, GRASS, WEED, REFER,
DOPE, MARY JANE, SINSOMILLA, ACAPULCO
GOLD, THAI STICKS, DAMO (CANNAVIS
SATIVA L)
 SYMPTOMS OF USING MARIJUANA
• EARLY STAGE MAY APPEAR RAPID LOUD TALKING AND BURST OF
LAUGHTER
• LATER STAGES MAY APPEAR SLEEPY
• EYES ARE DILATED
• REMNANTS OF MARIJUANA JOINTS ARE IN THE POCKET OF USER
• VITAL SIGNS INCREASED
 SYMPTOMS OF USING MARIJUANA

•REDNESS OF EYES, DRY MOUTH AND THROAT

•SHORT TERM MEMORY AND COMPREHENSION
•POOR CONCENTRATION
•ALTER SENSES OF TIME AND PLACE
 SYMPTOMS OF USING MARIJUANA
•MOTIVATION AND COGNITION MAY BE ALTERED
•IN THE MALE, REDUCES SPERM PRODUCTION AND
DAMAGING SPERM CELLS
•IN THE FEMALE, MENSTRUATION ARE IRREGULAR
AND DAMAGING EGG CELLS
•RESULT IN PARANOIA AND PSYCHOSIS
 CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
B. INHALANTS –
• NITROUS OXIDE – LAUGHING GAS, WHIPPETS
• AMYL NITRATE – POPPERS, SNAPPERS
• BUTYL NITRATE - BOLT, LOCKER ROOM, BULLET
• CHLOROHYDROCARBON – KEROSOL SPRAY
• HYDROCARBON - SOLVENTS ( RUGBY, PAINT THINNER)
 SYMPTOMS OF USING INHALANTS
• ODOR OF SUBSTANCE IN BREATHING AND CLOTHING
• EXCESS NASAL SECRETION AND LACRIMATION
• POOR MUSCLE CONTROL
• DROWSINESS
• REDDENING OF NASAL MEMBRANE
 SYMPTOMS OF USING INHALANTS
• SLURRING OF SPEECH
• POSSESSION OF PLASTIC BAG WITH SUBSTANCE
• IMMEDIATE NEGATIVE EFFECTS IN BODY
• DISORIENTATION/VIOLENT BEHAVIORS
• PERMANENTLY DAMAGE OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
 CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
C. STIMULANTS –
• COCAINE – COKE, FLAKE, WHITE BLOW, NOSE CANDY, C,
SNOW BIRD, LADY
• CRACK OR COCAINE – CRACK, FREEBASE ROCKS, ROCK
• AMPHETAMINE – SPEED, UPPERS, UPS, BLACK PEP PILLS, CO-
PILOT, BUMBLEBEES, HEART, FOOTBALL
• METAMPHETAMINE - CRACK, CRYSTAL MATH, METHEDRINE,
SPEED, “SHABU”
 SYMPTOMS OF USING STIMULANTS
•EYES ARE DILATED WHEN TOO MUCH TAKEN
•DRYNESS OF MOUTH AND THROAT CAUSING BAD
BREATH; USUALLY RESULT IN LICKING OF LIPS
•WITHOUT EATING OR SLEEPING
•CHAIN SMOKING
 SYMPTOMS OF USING STIMULANTS
•MAY HAVE NEEDLES, SYRINGES OR DROPPERS
•ARGUMENTATIVE, ALERT, IRRITABLE BEHAVIORS
•VITAL SIGNS ARE INCREASED
•REDNESS OF EYES, LOW BODY TEMPERATURE
 SYMPTOMS OF USING STIMULANTS
•HYPERACTIVE, RESTLESS, TALKATIVE
•MAY SUFFER FROM DELUSION OF PARANOIA
•HIGH DOSE CAN CAUSE IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT
AND HEART FAILURE
•NERVOUS AND IRRITABLE
 CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
D. DEPRESSANTS
• BARBITURATES – DOWNERS, BARBS, BLUE DRILLS, RED
DEVILS, YELLOW JACKET, NEMBUTAL, SECONAL, AMYTAL,
TUINASLSD
• METHAQUALENE - QUALUDES, LUDES, SOPPERS,
MANDRAKES
• TRANQUILIZERS – VALIUM, LIBRIUM, EQUANIL, MILTOWN,
SERAX, TRAXENE
 SYMPTOMS OF USING
DEPRESSANTS
•ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION WITHOUT
ALCOHOLIC BREATH
•STAGGERING/STUMBLING GAIT
•FALLING ASLEEP
•LACK OF INTEREST
 SYMPTOMS OF USING
DEPRESSANTS
•DIFFICULTY IN CONCENTRATION
•VITAL SIGNS ARE DOWN
•EYES DILATED
•RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, SLURRING OF
SPEECH AND ALTERED PERCEPTION
 SYMPTOMS OF USING
DEPRESSANTS
•COMBINATION WITH ALCOHOL HAS A
POTENTIAL OF THE EFFECTS AND MULTIPLYING
THE RISKS
•BABIES BORN WITH PARENT USING DEPRESSANT
COULD HAVE MENTAL/PHYSICAL DEFECTS
 CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
E. HALLUCINOGENS
• PHENCYCLIDENE – PCP, ANGEL BURST, HOG, LOVEBOAT,
KILLERWEED, LOVELY, CYCLONE, DEAD ON ARRIVAL (DOA)
• LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE – LSD, ACID, GREEN OR RED
DRAGON, WHITE LIGHTNING, BLUE HEAVEN, SUGAR CUBES
• MESCALINE AND PEYOTE - MESC, BUTTONS, CACTUS
• PSILOCYBIN – MAGIC MUSHROOM, MUSHROOMS
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