• Data Inconsistency
• Lack of data Integration – data not easily
available for ad hoc requests
• Data Dependence – data and programs were
“tightly coupled”
• Lack of Data Integrity (Standardization)
BBAHA 504 (RS)
Fundamental Data Concepts
• Character
– Basic logical data element
– Single alpha or numeric symbol
• Field
– Grouping of related characters
– represents an attribute of some entity
• Record
– grouping of attributes that describe an
entity
BBAHA 504 (RS)
Fundamental Data Concepts
• File
– group of related data records
• Database
– collection of logically related data
elements
• Object-oriented Structure
• Can relate data in one file with data in another, if both files
share a common data element BBAHA 504 (RS)
Object Oriented
• Object
• data values describing attributes
• Operations that can be performed on the data
• Encapsulation
• Combine data and operations
• Inheritance
• New objects can be created by replicating some
or all of the characteristics of parent objects