Anda di halaman 1dari 12

BBAHA 504 (RS)

Need for DBMS

• Data are an organizational resource that


must be managed as any other resource

• Data resources must be structured and


organized in some logical manner so they
can be accessed, processed, retrieved, and
managed easily

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Traditional File Processing

• Data was stored in independent files without


regard to other needs for that data
• Data Redundancy

• Data Inconsistency
• Lack of data Integration – data not easily
available for ad hoc requests
• Data Dependence – data and programs were
“tightly coupled”
• Lack of Data Integrity (Standardization)
BBAHA 504 (RS)
Fundamental Data Concepts

• Character
– Basic logical data element
– Single alpha or numeric symbol
• Field
– Grouping of related characters
– represents an attribute of some entity
• Record
– grouping of attributes that describe an
entity
BBAHA 504 (RS)
Fundamental Data Concepts

• File
– group of related data records

• Database
– collection of logically related data
elements

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Database Structures (Models)
• Hierarchical Structure – treelike structure

• Network Structure – similar to hierarchical


but allows many-to-many relationships (a
child record can have more than one parent)

• Relational Structure – the most widely used


database model today; data is represented
as a series of two-dimensional tables called
Relations
BBAHA 504 (RS)
Database Structures

• Multidimensional Structure – variation of the


Relational model. OLAP

• Object-oriented Structure

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Hierarchical

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Network

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Relational

• Most widely used structure

• Data elements are stored in tables

• Row represents a record; column is a field

• Can relate data in one file with data in another, if both files
share a common data element BBAHA 504 (RS)
Object Oriented

• Object
• data values describing attributes
• Operations that can be performed on the data

• Encapsulation
• Combine data and operations

• Inheritance
• New objects can be created by replicating some
or all of the characteristics of parent objects

BBAHA 504 (RS)


Types of Databases

• Operational Databases – store detailed data


to support business processes and
operations
• Distributed Databases – many organizations
distribute their databases over multiple
locations
• External Databases – outside the firm, free or
fee-based
• Hypermedia Databases – hyperlinked pages
of multimedia
BBAHA 504 (RS)

Anda mungkin juga menyukai