Introduction to Lathe machine

BY: Muhammad Bilal Awais

 Learning Objectives
The Define a lathe
students
shall be
able to
understand Explain the construction of lathe
the
following
Describe the types of lathemachine

Explain the operations of lathe

machine
Contents

Introduction to centre lathe

Construction of centre lathe

types of lathe machine

Operations of lathe
MOTIVATION
Introduction
i) Construction
ii)Work principle
LATHE MACHINE
Construction of lathe
Lathe Basics
Working principle
Headstock center Tailstock center
(Live Centre) (Dead Centre)

Working Principle
Workpiece
Tool post Workpiece
Chip N (rev/min)

S
D
Tool peripheral
speed (m/min)
10
Types
 Types of lathe

CNC lathe Manually operated

Special purpose General purpose

production Bench lathe Centre lathe

Turret lathe Tracer lathe Tool room

lathe,etc
Capstan lathe
 Centre lathe
• Most frequently used lathe
• Heavy duty
• power drive for most toolmovements
• Size range 12”x24” to 24”x48” - can be
larger
 Bench Lathe
 A bench top model usually of low
power
 used to make precision machine
small work pieces
 Tool room lathe

• Look like engine lathe

• Greater accuracy
• More versatility
• Wider range of speeds andfeeds
 Turret
Capable of performing multiple
cutting operations on the • It is production lathe
same workpiece • Hex turret replacestoolpost
 Turning • Multiple tools set tomachine part Turret Head
 Boring • High production rates
 Drilling
 Thread cutting
 Facing
 Capstan lathe
• It is production lathe
• Used for light dutywork pieces Turret Head
• Small in size as comparedto
turret lathe
• It also have turret that replaces
tailstock
• Multiple tools set to machine part
• Still may require someoperator
skill
 Tracer/copy lathe
Tracerpiece

• Hydraulic attachment used to copy the shape of a part from a master.

• lathe that has the ability to follow a template to copy a shapeor
contour.
• Machine tools withattachments
• Capable of turning parts with various contours
• A tracer finger follows the template and guides the cutting tool
 CNC lathe
• Computer Numerical Machine Unit NC controller
Controls (CNC)
• Computercontrolled
• Wide variety of process
capability
• Multiple axis
• On- line and off- line
programming available
• Performs several
operations on different
surfaces of the workpiece
 Size of lathe
Depends upon following points

Main points

Swing
(maximum diameter of job that can swing on it without touching bed ways )

Distance between centre’s of lathe

Size of lathe
Lathe Operations
 Lathe Operations
Turning: produce straight, conical, curved, or grooved work
pieces

Facing: to produce a flat surface at the end of the part or for

making face grooves.

Boring: to enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a

previous process or to produce circular internal grooves.

Drilling: to produce a hole by fixing a drill in the tailstock

Threading: to produce external or internal threads

Knurling: to produce a regularly shaped roughness on

cylindrical surfaces 26
Lathe Operations

27
Turning ..
Cylindrical job

Workpiece
Cutting
speed Depth of cut (d)
N
Machined
surface
Chuck Feed Chip
Tool
Depth of cut
Facing Flat Surface/Reduce length

Chuck Workpiece
d
Machined
Face
Cutting
speed Depth of
cut
Tool Feed
Facing operation
Knurling
Knurled surface
Cutting
speed
Feed Movement
for depth
Knurling tool
Tool post
Grooving ..
Shape produced
by form tool Groove

Feed or Grooving
Form tool depth of cut tool
Parting ..

Feed
Parting tool
Chamfering
C h a m f er

Feed
C h a m f e r i n g tool
Taper Turning
 Taper: D1 D 2
tan
2L

90°
D1 D2

B
C

A L
Drilling
Drill – cutting tool – held in TS – feed fromTS

Quill
Drill clamp moving
quill
Tail stock
Feed
Tail stock clamp
Threading
Pointed form tool is
fed linearly across
surface of rotating
workpart parallel to
axis of rotation at a
large feed rate, thus
creating threads

Figure; threading
Summary.

Introduction to centre lathe

Construction of centre lathe

types of lathe machines

Operations of lathe
Feed back/Evaluation
1. Lathe is used to turn
i) Square shape ii) cylindrical shape iii) irregularshape
2 Size of lathe depends upon following
i) Size of chuck and length of bed
ii) Distance b/w centres and length of bed
iii) Its weight & length of bed
iv) distance b/w centres & swing diameter of job to be held
3. What are the basic difference b/w turret lathe and
capstan lathe
i) Size ii) precision iii) by turret head position iv) i,iii