Literature of the Filipino

PHILIPPINE People
27 August 2019

LITERARY FORMS Rexor H. Magbutay

ACROSS PERIODS College of Arts and
Sciences
 ANCIENT LITERATURE/
FOLK LITERATURE

1. Myth – a traditional story in prose

concerning details of gods and
demigods and the creation of the
world and its inhabitants.
Examples: The Visayan Creation Myth
Bagobo Creation Story
Tungkung Langit and Alusina
 ANCIENT LITERATURE/
FOLK LITERATURE

2. Heroic Narratives or Epic – folk epics

which narrate the adventures of tribal
heroes which embody themselves the
ideals and values of the group.
Examples: Lam-ang
Ulalim
Ibalon
Indarapatra and Sulayman
 ANCIENT LITERATURE/
FOLK LITERATURE

3. Etiological Legends – legends which

explain how things came to be, why
things are as they are.
Examples: Legend of Mayon Volcano
Legend of the Tagalogs
Gaddang
 ANCIENT LITERATURE/
FOLK LITERATURE

4. Folk Tales – prose narrative regarded

as
a. Animal Tale – a folktale using animals
as characters.
1. The Monkey and the Turtle
2. The Cow and the Carabao
 ANCIENT LITERATURE/
FOLK LITERATURE

4. Folk Tales – prose narrative regarded

as
b. Folk Speech – simplest form of oral
literature.
1. Riddles – description of object in
terms intended to suggest
something entirely different.
“Nidalagan si Juan, napikas ang
dalan.”
 ANCIENT LITERATURE/
FOLK LITERATURE

4. Folk Tales – prose narrative regarded

as
b. Folk Speech – simplest form of oral
literature.
2. Proverbs – short popular sayings that
express effectively some
commonplace truth or useful
thought.
 ANCIENT LITERATURE/
FOLK LITERATURE

4. Folk Tales – prose narrative regarded

as
b. Folk Speech – simplest form of oral
literature.
2. Proverbs – short popular sayings that
express effectively some
commonplace truth or useful
thought.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

1. Poetry – metrical writing

a. Ladino Poems – were verses written by
Ladino natives, first Tagalog versifiers
who saw print and highly literate in
both Spanish and the vernacular.
Example: “Salamat nang Ualang
Hangga” by Fernando
Bagongbanta
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

Salamat nang ualang hangga

gracias se den sempiternas,
sa nagpasilang nang tala
al que hizo salir la estrella
macapagpanao nang dilim
que destierre las teniellas
sa lahat na bayan natin
de toda esta nuestra tierra.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

1. Poetry – metrical writing

b. Metrical Romances
1. Corridos – were widely read during
the Spanish period that filled the
populace’s need for entertainment
as well as edifying reading matter in
their leisure moments.
– extended verse narrative
based on tales brought into the
country from Europe.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

1. Poetry – metrical writing

b. Metrical Romances
1. Corridos – dealt mostly on courtly
love and the chivalric adventures of
such heroes as Charlemagne and
his peers and EL Cid, but they are
not literal translation of the original
works.
– adopted the octosyllabic
quatrains structure.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

1. Poetry – metrical writing

b. Metrical Romances
1. Corridos – of which most authorship
remained unknown.
Example: “Ang Ibong Adarna”

Oh, Birheng kaibig-ibig

Ina naming nasa langit,
Liwanagan yaring isip
Nang sa layo’y di malihis.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

Di-umanoý si Don Juan

bunso niyang minamahal
ay nililo at pinatay
ng dalawang tampalasan.

Ganito ang napagsapit

ng haring kaibig-ibig
nang siya ay managinip
isang gabing naiidlip.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

May isang ibong maganda

ang pangalan ay Adarna,
pag narinig mong kumanta
sa sakit ay giginhawa.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

1. Poetry – metrical writing

b. Metrical Romances
2. Awit – like corridos, were also widely
read during the Spanish period as
entertaining, edifying reading
matter in their leisure time.
– were frabrications of the
writers’ imagination although the
characters and the setting were
European.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

1. Poetry – metrical writing

b. Metrical Romances
2. Awit – rendered in dodecasyllabic
quatrains structure.
– done through chanting.
Example: “Florante at Laura” by
Francisco Baltazar
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

Ang taong magawi sa ligaya’t aliw,

mahina ang puso’t lubhang maramdamin,
inaakala pa lamang ang hilahil
na daratna’y di na matutuhang bathin.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

2. Prose – consisted mostly of didactic

pieces and translations of religious
writings in foreign languages. The most
important piece of didactic literature
of this period is Urbana And Feliza
written by Fr. Modesto de Castro.
Published in 1855, it took the form of
the epistolary novel with the full title of
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

2. Prose – “Pagsusulatan ng Dalauang

Binibini na si Urbana at si Feliza na
Nagtuturo ng Mabuting Caugalian.” It
is an exchange of letters between two
sisters: Urbana, who is a student in a
college in Manila, and Feliza, who lives
in the province with their parents.
Urbana’s letters are full of advice to
her sister on proper behavior at home,
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

2. Prose – in church, at parties, while

receiving a suitor in her parlor and on
other occasions.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
a. The Religious Dramas
1. Panuluyan – literally, seeking
entrance, the Tagalog version of the
Mexican Posadas.
– held on the eve if Christmas, it
dramatizes Joseph’s and Mary’s
search for lodging in Bethlehem.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
a. The Religious Dramas
2. Cenaculo – was originally just the
dramatization of the passion and
death of Jesus Christ, presented
during Maundy Thursday and Good
Friday.
– The players either speak their
lines in a slow deliberate way
(hablada), or chant their lines in the
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
a. The Religious Dramas
2. Cenaculo – manner of pasyon
singing (cantada).
3. Salubong – an Easter play that
dramatizes the meeting of the Risen
Christ and his mother.
4. Moriones – refers to the participants
dressed as Roman soldiers, whose
identities are hidden behind colorful,
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
a. The Religious Dramas
4. Moriones – sometimes grotesque,
wooden masks.
– The pugutan or beheading
climaxes the Moriones festival. The
headless body is then taken in
procession around the town by his
fellow moriones and then buried.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
a. The Religious Dramas
5. Tibag or Santacruzan – performed
during the month of May which
dramatizes devotion to the Holy
Cross. It depicts St. Elena’s search for
the cross on which Christ died.
– The Tagalog term tibag
means the act of excavating or
levelling the mounds.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
a. The Religious Dramas
6. Pangangaluluwa – an interesting
socio-religious practice on All Saints’
Day which literally means “For the
Soul.”
– based on the old belief that
the souls in the purgatory are “released”
on the night of All Saints’ Day to go
beggin alms on earth.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
b. The Secular Dramas – were generally
held during the nine nights of vigil and
prayers after someone’s death, or the
first death anniversary when the family
members put away their mourning
clothes.
1. Karagatan – “open sea,” came from
the legendary practice of testing the
mettle of young men vying for a
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
b. The Secular Dramas
1. Karagatan – maiden’s hand. The
maiden’s ring would be dropped
into the sea and whoever retrieves it
would have the girl’s hand in
marriage.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
b. The Secular Dramas
2. Duplo – a forereunner of the
balagtasan. The performers consist of
two teams: one composed of young
women called Dupleras or Belyakas;
and the other, of young mean called
Dupleros or Belyakos. An elderly man
– the Hari or Punong Halaman –
presides over proceedings.
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
b. The Secular Dramas
3. Comedia – one of the earliest forms
of stage drama which took on a
particular aspect; that of a particular
play which had for its main theme
courtly love, usually between a
prince and a princess of different
religions – one a Christian, the other a
Muslim. Conflicts are resolved in the
 LITERATURE UNDER
HISPANIC PERIOD

3. Drama
b. The Secular Dramas
3. Comedia – end, with the victory of
the Christians, a propaganda tool
which was endorsed by the friars.
 THE CONTEMPORARY
LITERARY FORMS

1. Poetry – are literary attempts to share

personal experiences and feelings.
Since literature, in general, is all about
significant human experience, poetry’s
subject matter is also about the poet’s
personal life or the lives of those around
him. Good poems, aside from being
stated in a fresh manner, often probe
deeply and can contain disturbing
 THE CONTEMPORARY
LITERARY FORMS

1. Poetry – insights. The language is fresh

and demanding because of its
subtleties. Good poems show images
which leave the reader a sense of
delight, awe, and wonder. The
elements and figures of speech of
poetry will help a reader understand
poems.
 THE CONTEMPORARY
LITERARY FORMS

2. Short Story – The short story is an art form

dealing with a single line of action and
a single intended meaning. Thus, it does
not allow for many themes and
subplots. There are elements of a short
story: plot, characterization, setting,
theme, point of view, symbol, symbol,
conflict.
 THE CONTEMPORARY
LITERARY FORMS

3. Drama – The drama is written primarily

to be acted and seen on stage. The
printed form is only a rough
approximation of what the writer
intends to be apprehended by the
reader. The reader is left to visualize the
setting, recreate the speech of the
characters, and assign them movement
and gestures.
 THE CONTEMPORARY
LITERARY FORMS

3. Drama – According to Minot (1998), the

drama as a literary genre has been
described by many playwrights as:
a. A dramatic art. It has an emotional
impact or force.
b. A visual art. Actions and movements of
characters or stage are as important as
the lines themselves.
 THE CONTEMPORARY
LITERARY FORMS

3. Drama
c. An auditory art. Dialogue is intended to
be spoken out loud.
d. A physically produced art. Sets have to
be constructed on stage. Thus, unlike
other genres, personal contact is
established.
 THE CONTEMPORARY
LITERARY FORMS

3. Drama
e. A continuous art. Drama audience,
unlike readers of fiction or poetry,
cannot turn back a page or review;
thus, they must receive the play at
whatever pave the playwright sets.
f. A spectator art. Audience reaction is
important.