Anda di halaman 1dari 18

Scope

• How Is Energy Transfered


• What Is Heat Exchange
• Parameters Effecting Heat Exchange
• Heat Transfer Cooefficient
• One Phase / Phase Change Heat Exchange
• Counter/co-current Flow
Sensible and Latent Heat

Sensible heat
• Energy tranferred by changing temperature
– Increasing temperature of solid, liquid or gas

Latent heat
• Energy transferred by change phase without change of temperature!
– Solid to liquid
– Liquid to gas
Law of Heat Transport
Energy will flow from HOT ==> COOL medium
Temperature
difference is necessary

Energy rejected from HOT side = energy absorbed by COLD side


( minus losses to the surroundings)
Energy Transfer
Convection Conduction Radiation
What Is Heat Exchange?

Transfering energy between two fluids


–Without mixing the fluids (leaks)
–Fast
–Without losses
–Efficient (small vessel, small temp diff, small pressure drop)

Energy
Heat Transfer Equation
Q = Heat Load
= U • A • LMTD
U = Heat Transfer Coefficient
U A = Heat transfer area
LMTD = Logaritmic mean
A
Q temperature
One Phase Heat Exchange
Side 1 Side 2

No Phase Change On Either Side


Temperature Changes Continuously
Only Sensible Heat
One Phase
Counter Current Co Current (Parallel)
Side 1 Side 2 Side 1 Side 2

Side 1 Side 1

Side 2 Side 2
Counter Current vs. Co-current
Flow
Side 1 Side 1

A A B
B

Side 2 Side 2

Countercurrent flow utilize temperature


difference more efficient.
Logarithmic Mean Temp. Difference
Side 1 Side 1
A
A B
B
Side 2 Side 2

LMTD =
Δ A - ΔB
ΔA
[ C]
o

ln
ΔB
Logarithmic Mean Temp. Difference
Side 1
100°C Side 1
100°C
A
A 70°C
60°C B
70°C B
60°C
0°C 0°C
Side 2
Side 2

LMTD = 53.6 °C LMTD = 39.1 °C

LMTD =
ΔA - ΔB o
ΔA
C [ ]
ln
ΔB
Heat Transfer Coefficient (U)
d
Boundry layer
THOT
aHOT
aCOLD T
COLD

l
1 1 d 1
=  
u a HOT l a COLD
Flow and U-value
Laminar Flow Film thickness Turbulent Flow

Re: 0-150 Re > 150


Increasing Re  Less film thickness  Higher k-value
U value vs Pressure Drop
Utilise the permitted 100

pressure drop! 90

3
U ~ p Pressure
80

Drop
70

If you don’t you will be


60

quoting too much heat 50


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

transfer area! Heat Surface


Heat Transfer Equation
Q = U • A • LMTD
Q = Transferred heat [Kcal/hr]
U = Heat Transfer Coefficient [Kcal/h,m2,°C]
A = Heat Transfer Area [m2] PHE = Money
LMTD = Temp. difference, Side 1/2 [°C]
Heat Transfer by Fluid
QFluid = m • CP • T

m = Mass flow of fluid [kg/hr]
Cp = Specific heat capacity [kcal/kg,°C]
T = Temp. diff. of fluid (IN/OUT) [°C]
Designing Heat Exchanger
For a heat exchanger the two equations work together :


U • A • LMTD = QPHE = QFluid= m • Cp • T

Any change in one of the six parameters will require a


corresponding change of the others to maintain system
equilibrium.
Formulae To Be Remembered
1. Heat Transfer Equation …………. Q = U • A • LMTD

2. Heat Transfer By Fluids…. ……. Q = m • Cp • T

3. LMTD……………………… LMTD =
Δ A - ΔB
ΔA
[ C]
o

ln
ΔB
4. Port Velocity…. ……………….m = V • A (port area)

Anda mungkin juga menyukai