Infeksi Oportunistik
Infeksi Oportunistik
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE SUPP
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
TUJUAN :
3. KESIMPULAN
2. EPIDEMIOLOGI
1. PENDAHULUAN
Sistimatika
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Definisi
28 October
2019 4
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
28 October
2019 5
Riwayat Alamiah Infeksi HIV yg tidak diobati
1000
800
600
+ Infeksi Oportunistik Awal
sel
CD4 400 Infeksi Oportunistik Lanjut
200
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1000 TB
900 TB
800
700 TB
600 TB
500 HZV
400
CD4 300 OHL
Oral candida
COUNT PCP TB
TB
200 Cryptococcal meningitis
100 Cryptosporidial diarrhea PPE
50 CMV
<50 MAC TBTB
0
0369 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Months Years
28 October 2019 7
28 October 2019 8
Penyebab IO
Bakteri/Mycobacterium Protozoa
• Salmonella • Toksoplasma
• Mycobacterium Avium • Cryptospodia
Complex Virus
• Cytomegalovirus
Jamur • Herpes simplex
• Candida albicans • Herpes zoster
• Pneumocystis jiroveci • Hepatitis
• Aspegillus • Human Papilloma
• Cryptococcus Virus
• Histoplasma Keganasan
• Sarkoma Kaposi
• Limfoma
28 October 2019 9
Infeksi Oportunistik yang tersering
di Thailand
Tuberculosis
PCP
Cryptococcosis
Candidiasis, oesophageal
Pneumonia, recurrent
TB Kandidiasis Pneumonia
Hep C Toksoplasmosis Diare
Kriptokokosis Linear (Pneumonia)
28 October 2019 12
Efek ART terhadap Insidens
dan Manajemen IO
• ART merupakan kunci utk menurunkan morbiditi
yg terkait dengan infeksi HIV
• ART menurunkan insidens IO dan memperbaiki
survival, yg tdk tergantung kpd profilaksis
antimikroba
– Tdk dpt menggantikan kebutuhan profilaksis
antimikroba pd supresi imun yg berat
• Menurunkan mortaliti pd infeksi HIV
• Perbaikan dalam fungsi kekebalan dpt mengatasi
atau menurunkan beratnya IO tertentu
28 October 2019 13
Efek ART terhadap Insidens
dan Manajemen IO
28 October 2019 14
(P C P)
Pneumocystis jiroveci
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE SUPP
Pneumonia Pneumocystis jiroveci:
Epidemiology
• Disebabkan oleh Pneumocystis jiroveci (jamur)
(dulu protozoa P carinii)
• Ada dimana-mana dlm lingkungan
• Infeksi awal biasanya terjadi pd masa kanak-
kanak
• PCP dpt terjadi akibat reaktivasi atau pajanan
baru
• Pd pasien dgn supresi imun, mungkin penyebaran
terjadi melalui udara
28 October 2019 16
PCP: Epidemiologi
• Sebelum penggunaan profilaksis PCP yg luas
dan ART yg efektif, PCP dijumpai pd 70-80%
kasus AIDS
– Pd imunosupresi yg berat, pengobatan PCP berkaitan
dgn mortaliti (20-40%)
• Kebanyakan kasus terjadi pd pasien yg tdk
menyadari akan infeksi HIVnya, yg tdk dalam
perawatan, dan pd AIDS lanjut (jumlah CD4 <100
sel/µL)
28 October 2019 17
PCP: Epidemiologi
Faktor Risiko:
• Jumlah CD4 <200 sel/µL
• CD4% <15%
• PCP sebelumnya
• Oral thrush
• Pneumonia baktei yg berulang
• Berat Badan turun yg tdk disengaja
• Tingginya HIV RNA
28 October 2019 18
PCP: Manifestasi Klinis
• Sesak napas yang progresif, demam, batuk
non-produktif, rasa tdk enak di dada
• Onset subakut, memburuk setelah beberapa
hari-minggu
• Pemeriksaan dada mungkin normal, atau
ronki kering yg luas, frekuensi napas cepat,
denyut nadi ↑ (terutama dengan latihan)
• Jarang terjadi ekstra paru
28 October 2019 19
PCP: Diagnosis
• Gejala klinis (trias), tes darah, radiologi
membantu tetapi tdk utk diagnosis
– Organisme tdk dapat dibiak
• Kadar O2 darah ↓: khas, dpt ringan sampai
berat (PO2 <70 mmHg atau A-a gradient >35
mmHg)
• LDH >500 mg/dL sering tetapi tdk spesifik
28 October 2019 20
PCP: Diagnosis
• Foto toraks: bermacam-macam
– Pd awal penyakit: normal
– Khas: bilateral difus, infiltrat interstitial simetris
– Dpt juga tdk khas: nodul, asimetris, bleb, kista,
pneumotoraks
– Kavitas atau efusi pleura jarang
28 October 2019 21
PCP: Diagnosis
• Diagnosis pasti diperoleh dengan cara:
– Induksi sputum (sensitifiti <50% -- >90%)
• Sputum yg dibatukkan: sensitifitinya rendah
– Bronkoskopi dengan bronchoalveolar lavage
(BAL) (sensitifiti 90-99%)
– Biopsi transbronkial (sensitifiti 95-100%)
– Biopsi paru terbuka (sensitifiti 95-100%)
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PCP: Diagnosis
28 October 2019 23
Komplikasi PCP
• Pneumotoraks spontan
• Fistel bronkopleural yg sulit menutup
• Kavitas paru (berdinding tipis) – merusak
jaringan paru
• Gagal napas
• Pneumatosis ekstra paru
28 October 2019 24
Perbedaan Pneumonia bakteri dan Pneumonia Pneumocystis
Pneumonia Pneumonia
bakteri Pneumocystis
Awal gejala Akut: jam - hari Subakut: jam - minggu
Batuk Produktif Non-produktif
Nyeri dada Sering Jarang
pleuritik
Sesak napas Disertai nyeri dada Meningkat saat latihan
Infiltrat fokal Biasa Sangat jarang
paru pd Ro
Jumlah lekosit Sering meningkat Normal atau rendah
Jumlah CD4 Tdk membantu Biasanya < 200/µL
28 October 2019 25
PCP Pneumonia bakterialis
28 October 2019 26
PCP: Pengobatan
• Lama: 21 hari utk semua rejimen pengobatan
• Pilihan Utama:
– Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
= Kotrimoksazole (KTX): 15-20 mg/kg/hari TMP
and 75-100 mg/kg/hari SMX IV atau PO dalam dosis
terbagi tiap 8 jam; atau KTX dewasa 3x2 tablet/hari
• Jika ada gagal ginjal – dosis harus disesuaikan
• Efek samping (pd 20-85% pasien AIDS): ruam kulit, sindrom
Stevens-Johnson, demam, lekopeni, thrombositopeni,
uremia, hepatitis, hiperkalemi
28 October 2019 27
PCP: Pengobatan
• Pilihan lain:
– Pentamidine 4 mg/kg/hari IV
– Dapsone 100 mg PO dosis tunggal + TMP 15 mg/kg/hari
PO dlm dosis terbagi 3x/hari
– Primakuin 15-30 mg (base) PO 1x/hari + clindamycin
600-900 mg IV tiap 6-8 jam or clindamycin 300-450 mg
PO tiap 6-8 jam
– Atovaquone 750 mg PO 2x/hari
– Trimetrexate 45 mg/m2 atau 1,2 mg/kg IV + leucovorin
20 mg/m2 atau 0,5 mg/kg IV atau PO tiap 6 jam
(lanjutkan leucovorin selama 3 hari berikutnya)
28 October 2019 28
PCP: Pengobatan
• Tambahan:
– Kortikosteroid
• Utk penyakit sedang-berat (PO2 <70 mm/Hg atau A-a
gradient >35 mm/Hg)
• Berikan sedini mungkin (dalam 72 jam)
• Prednisone 40 mg 2x/hari (1-5), 40 mg 1x/hari (6-10),
20 mg 1x/hari (11-21), atau metilprednisolon (75%
dosis prednison)
28 October 2019 29
PCP: Pengobatan
28 October 2019 30
Desensitisasi Kotrimoksasol
Hari Kekuatan Dosis pediatrik TMP SMX
(%) (mL)/hari
1 6,25 1,25 (1x1) 10 50
2 12,5 1,25 (2x1) 20 100
3 18,75 1,25 (3x1) 30 150
4 25 2,5 (2x1) 40 200
5 37,5 2,5 (3x1) 60 300
6 50 1 tab dws 80 400
7 100 2 tab dws 160 800
Leoung GS,et al. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:992-7
28 October 2019 31
Desensitisasi Kotrimoksasol
Hari Kekuatan Dosis pediatrik TMP SMX
(%) (mL)/hari
1 10 2 (1x1) 16 80
2 20 4 (1x1) 32 160
3 30 6 (1x1) 48 240
4 40 8 (1x1) 64 320
5 50 1 tab dewasa 80 400
6 100 2 tab dewasa 160 800
28 October 2019 33
Toksoplasmosis
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE SUPP
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Toksoplasmosis
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2019 35
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Toksoplasmosis
Gambaran Klinis:
• ensefalitis (90%)
• demam (70%)
• nyeri kepala (60%)
• tanda neurologis fokal, penurunan kesadaran (40%)
• kejang (30%)
• chorio-retinitis
• pnemonitis
• penyakit sistemik
28 October
2019 36
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Toksoplasmosis
• Diagnosis
– Pemeriksaan serologi positif disertai
sindrom yang khas
– Gambaran pemeriksaan scan CT/MRI:
• Lesi serebral multipel, bilateral; peningkatan
daerah hipodense dengan ring
• Diagnosis Banding
– Limfoma SSP, tuberkuloma, abses jamur,
kriptokokosis, PML (Progressive Multifocal
Leukoencephalopathy)
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2019 37
Toksoplasmosis
28 October 2019 38
Toksoplasmosis
Respon terhadap terapi
28 October 2019 39
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Toksoplasmosis
• Terapi
– Dibenarkan untuk memberi terapi empiris, sedikitnya selama
2 minggu
– Pirimetamin 200 mg po dosis pertama diikuti 50 mg (<60kg) –
75 mg (>60kg) 1x/hari dan leucovorin 10-20 mg po 1x/hari
dan salah satu sulfadiazine 1000 mg (<60kg) – 1500mg
(>60kg) po 4x/hari atau klindamisin 4x600mg
– Fansidar 2-3 tab/hari + Klindamisin 4 x 600 mg/hari +
Leucovorin 10 mg/hari selama 4 minggu, dilajutkan dosis
maintenance Fansidar 1 x 1/hari selama CD4 < 200 (Pokdi)
– Sedikitnya terapi selama 6 minggu atau sampai 3 minggu
setelah hasil CT scan bersih
– Kortikosteroid tekanan intrakranial
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2019 40
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Pilihan kedua Pirimetamin dosis yang sama Pirimetamin dosis yang sama
Klindamisin oral atau iv 4 x 600 mg/hr Klindamisin oral 4 x 300-450 mg
Leucovorin dosis yang sama Leucovorin dosis yang sama
Pilihan ketiga Pirimetamin dan leucovorin dengan Pirimetamin dosis rumatan dan
dosis yang sama ditambah salah satu leucovorin bersama dengan
obat dibawah ini: Atovaquone
· Atovaquone po 2 x 1500 mg
· Azitromisin 1 x 900-1200 mg
· Klaritromisin po 2 x 500 mg
· Dapson 1 x 100 mg
· Minosiklin 2 x 150-200 mg
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2019 41
Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis:
Monitoring dan Efek Samping
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Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis:
Pencegahan Kekambuhan
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Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis:
Pencegahan Kekambuhan
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Toksoplasmosis
• Profilaksis sekunder
– Esensial karena fase laten (kista) tidak dapat
dieradikasi
– Relaps terjadi pada 20-30 % pasien
meskipun diberi terapi rumatan
– Tingkatkan fungsi imunologi dengan HAART
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2019 45
Kriptokokosis
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE SUPP
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Kriptokokosis
• Organisme: Cryptococcus neoformans
(=jamur)
• Sering pd CD4 < 50 sel/uL
• Gambaran Klinis
– Demam
– Nyeri kepala
– Malaise, mual dan muntah
– Tanda meningismus & fotofobia
– Perubahan status mental
– Lesi pada kulit
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Kriptokokosis
• Diagnosis
– Pungsi Lumbal (sekaligus Tx) – pewarnaan tinta India
– LCS : protein ↑, glukosa ↑/n, limfosit sedikit, organisme >>
– Antigen kriptokokus, dan biakan
– Cryptococcal Ag sensitif dan spesifik (CSF & darah)
Titer > 1:8 bukti presumptif
– Biakan darah
• Diagnosis banding
– Meningitis piogenik, meningitis TB, Toksoplasmosis,
neurosifilis
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2019 48
Jamur Cryptococcus neoformans berkapsul
pd CSF dgn pewarnaan tinta India
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Kriptokokosis
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Kriptokokosis
• Terapi Meningitis kriptokokal
– Fase Induksi
• Amfoterisin B 0,7 mg/kgBB iv 1x/hari selama 14 hari
• Bila perlu + 5-flucytosine (5-FC) 25 mg/kgBB po
4x/hari
– Fase Konsolidasi
• flukonazole 400 mg po 1x/hari selama 8 minggu
– Terapi rumatan kronik
• Seumur hidup, kecuali pd IRIS, flukonazole 200 mg
po 1x/hari
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2019 52
Kriptokokosis: Terapi
• Alternatif:
– Induksi: amphotericin B 0.7 mg/kg IV 1x/hr, atau
fluconazole 400-800 mg PO atau IV 1x/hr
selama 2 minggu (utk yg kurang berat), atau
fluconazole 400-800 mg PO atau IV 1x/hr +
flucytosine 25 mg/kg PO 4x/hr selama 4-6
minggu
– Konsolidasi: itraconazole 200 mg PO 2x/hr
– Rumatan kronis: itraconazole 200 mg PO 1x/hr
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Kriptokokosis: Terapi
• Peningkatan tekanan intrakranial (ICP)
berkaitan dgn edema serebri, deteriorasi klinis,
dan peningkatan risiko kematian
• Opening pressure harus selalu diukur jika
dilakukan pungsi lumbal (LP)
• Manajemen peningkatan tek intrakranial:
– LP setiap hari utk mengeluarkan LCS, atau drainase
LCS jika LP tdk efektif atau tdk dpt ditoleransi
28 October 2019 55
Kriptokokosis
28 October 2019 56
Kriptokokosis:
Efek samping
Toksisiti Amphotericin
• Nephrotoksisiti: azotemia, hypokalemia
– Dikurangi oleh hidrasi intravenous sebelum infus amphotericin B
• Terkait Infus: demam, menggigil, sakit kepala, muntah
– Dikurangi oleh praterapi dgn acetaminophen, diphenhydramine,
atau kortikosteroid
• Jarang: hypotensi, arithmia, neurotoksisiti, hepatotoksik
Toksisiti Flucytosine
• Sumsum tulang: anemia, leukopenia, trombositopenia
• Toksisiti hepar, GI, dan ginjal
28 October 2019 57
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE SUPP
Cytomegalo Virus (CMV)
• Epidemiologi:
– Tersebar di seluruh dunia
– Tiga masa penularan
• perinatal, masa kanak-kanak, usia subur
– > 90 % anak terinfeksi pada umur 2 tahun
• CD4 < 50
28 October 2019 59
CMV
• Manifestasi klinis lain dari CMV
– esofagitis
– kolitis
– kolangitis sklerotikan
– ensefalitis
– poliradikulomielopati
– adrenalitis
– pnemonitis
28 October 2019 60
Retinitis karena CMV
• Klinis:
– Gangguan lapangan pandang
– Bintik bergerak (floater)
– Pandangan kabur
– Penurunan visus dengan cepat
– Biasanya unilateral, jika tdk diobati akan
mengenai 2 mata
• Diagnosis:
– Gambaran khas fundoskopi pada ODHA
28 October 2019 61
Retinitis karena CMV
28 October 2019 62
Tatalaksana Retinitis CMV
• Terapi
– Mahal dan toksik
– Terapi rumatan sangat diperlukan
– Gansiklovir/foscarnet
– IVI (implant) atau intra-vitreal
– Valgansiklovir 900mg po 1x/hari
– HAART
28 October 2019 63
28 October 2019 Ganciclovir implant 64
Ganciclovir :
intravena, oral, intravitreal, injeksi/implant
Dosis intravena :
Induksi (2 mg) : 5 mg/kg 2x/hari
Maintenance (jangka panjang):
5 mg/kg/hari, 7 hari seminggu
6 mg/kg/hari, 5 hari seminggu
28 October 2019 65
CMV : Terapi
Retinitis
– Terapi Alternatif:
• Ganciclovir 5 mg/kg IV tiap 12 jam selama 14-21 hari, lalu
5 mg/kg IV 1x/hari
• Ganciclovir 5 mg/kg IV tiap 12 jam selama 14-21 hari, lalu
valganciclovir 900 mg PO 1x/hari
• Foscarnet 60 mg/kg IV tiap 8 jam atau 90 mg/kg IV tiap 12
jam selama14-21 hari, lalu 90-120 mg/kg tiap 24 jam
• Cidofovir 5 mg/kg IV 1x/hari selama 2 minggu, lalu 5 mg/kg
setiap minggu
• Fomivirsen injeksi intravitreal (tdk utk terapi inisial; hanya utk
yg relaps)
28 October 2019 66
CMV : Efek samping
28 October 2019 67
Kandidiasis
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Kandidiasis Orofaring
• Organisme: Candida Albicans
• Tersering pd CD4 < 200
• Gejala Klinis
– oral thrush 50-90%
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2019 69
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Kandidiasis Mulut
2019
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70
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Kandidiasis Orofarings
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2019 71
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Kandidiasis Esofagus
• Organisme: Candida Albicans
• Tersering pd CD4 < 200
• Gejala Klinis
– disfagia, nyeri retrosternal
– odynofagi
– oral thrush 50-90%
– endoskopi
• ulcerasi
• plak
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Kandidiasis Esofagus
• Diagnosis
– Kandidiasis oral dan gangguan menelan
– Pemeriksaan KOH
– Perlu pemeriksaan endoskopi bila
• Ada gejala tanpa kandidiasis oral
• Kegagalan terapi dengan anti jamur biasa
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Esofageal
• Diperlukan terapi sistemik
• Pilihan (14-21 hari):
– Fluconazole 100 mg (sampai 400 mg) PO atau
IV 1x/hari
– Itraconazole oral solution 200 mg PO 1x/hari*
– Voriconazole 200 mg PO 2x/hari*
– Caspofungin 50 mg IV 1x/hari
28 October
2019 75
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Esofageal
• Jika refrakter dgn fluconazole:
– Caspofungin 50 mg IV 1x/hari
– Voriconazole 200 mg PO atau IV 2x/hari*
– Amphotericin B 0,3-0,7 mg/kg IV 1x/hari
– Amphotericin liposomal atau lipid complex
3-5 mg/kg IV 1x/hari
28 October
2019 76
Kandidiasis Mukokutaneus:
Monitoring
28 October 2019 77
Kandidiasis Mukokutaneus:
Pencegahan Kekambuhan
• Utk orofarings atau vulvovaginal, tdk dianjurkan
profilaksis kecuali jika kambuh berulang atau berat
• Utk esofageal, dpt dipertimbangkan profilaksis
sekunder setelah 1 episode
– Orofarings: fluconazole, atau itraconazole solution
– Esofageal: fluconazole 100-200 mg PO 1x/hari
– Vulvovaginal: topical azole 1x/hari
• Risiko resistensi azole lebih tinggi dgn penggunaan
sistemik azole jangka panjang, terutama jika jumlah
CD4 <100 sel/µL
28 October 2019 78
KANDIDIASIS ESOFAGUS
28 October 2019 79
(MAC)
Mycobacterium
Avium Complex
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE SUPP
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Mycobacterium Avium Complex
(MAC)
MAC
• Diagnosis:
– Biakan darah
– Peningkatan alkali fosfatase
– Dengan 2 kali biakan darah dapat
menghasilkan 95% kasus positif
– Pemeriksaan mikroskopi dan biakan sumsum
tulang, kelenjar limfe
• DD:
– MTB, penyakit jamur meluas, dan keganasan
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2019 82
Disseminated MAC: Terapi
28 October 2019 83
Disseminated MAC: Terapi
28 October 2019 84
Disseminated MAC: Terapi
28 October 2019 85
Disseminated MAC: Monitoring
28 October 2019 86
Disseminated MAC:
Efek Samping
• Clarithromycin, azithromycin: mual, muntah,
nyeri perut, rasa tdk enak di lidah, peningkatan
transaminase, hipersensitifiti
– Dosis Clarithromycin >1 g per hari utk terapi MAC
berkaitan dgn peningkatan kematian, jangan
gunakan
– Dosis Rifabutin ≥450 mg/day: meningkatkan risiko
interaksi dgn clarithromycin atau inhibitor cytochrome
p450 isoenzyme 3A4 lain; meningkatkan risiko uveitis
28 October 2019 87
Disseminated MAC:
Pencegahan Kekambuhan
28 October 2019 88
Cryptosporidiosis
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE SUPP
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Epidemiologi
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Manifestasi Klinis
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Diagnosis
Terapi
Monitoring
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2019 94
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Pencegahan Kekambuhan
28 October
2019 95
Herpes Simpleks
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Epidemiologi
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Manifestasi Klinis
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Manifestasi Klinis
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Manifestasi Klinis
• Manifestasi lain:
– HSV keratitis
– HSV encephalitis
– HSV retinitis
– neonatal HSV
– herpetic whitlow
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2019 103
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Diagnosis
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Anjuran Terapi
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2019 105
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Anjuran Terapi
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Anjuran Terapi
Acyclovir-resistant HSV
– Foscarnet 120-200 mg/kg/hari IV dlm 2-3 dosis
terbagi sampai timbul respons klinis
– Cidofovir 5 mg/kg IV setiap minggu sampai timbul
respons klinis
– Alternatif: topikal trifluridine atau topikal cidofovir utk
lesi eksterna selama 21-28 hari
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2019 107
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Efek Samping
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HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
Pencegahan Kekambuhan
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2019 109
HIV ART CARE SUPPORT AND TREATMENT HIV ART CARE SUPPORT HIV ART CARE HIV
2019
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Epidemiologi
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Manifestasi Klinis
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Manifestasi Klinis
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Diagnosis
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Terapi
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Terapi
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Terapi
• Chickenpox
– Acyclovir 10 mg/kg IV tiap 8 jam selama 7-
10 hari
– Dapat diganti terapi oral setelah perbaikan,
jika tdk ada bukti mengenai viseral
• Acyclovir 800 mg PO 4x/hari atau valacyclovir
1.000 mg PO 3x/hari atau famciclovir 500 mg
PO 3x/hari
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Efek Samping
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kesimpulan
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Penuntun profilaksis primer
infeksi oportunistik
Jumlah Jumlah Profilaksis primer
Pengobatan
CD4 TLC / ml infeksi oportunistik
< 200 < 1,000 PCP Kotrimoksazol 1x2
Toksoplasmosis tab/hari
< 100 < 600 Tambahan profilaksis Fluconazole (200)
Kriptokokosis 1x2 kaps/ minggu