Geopolimer

{
What is Geopolimer?
 Geopolymer is an environmentally friendly material commonly
developed as an alternative to cement concrete in the future
because this material is composed of synthesis of non-organic
natural materials through polymerization process. The main
material of making geopolymer concrete, is a material that
contains many silicon and aluminum. These elements, many of
which are found in industrial waste by-products, such as fly ash
in coal burning remains.
 Activator and Precursor
 Because of Geopolymer is formed from chemical reactions and not from
hydration reactions such as in ordinary concrete, the type of activator must
be in accordance with the compound contained in fly ash (Precursor) and
also the composition must be precise so that chemical reactions can occur.
Commonly used activators are Sodium Hydroxide 8M to 14M and Sodium
Silicate (Na 2 SiO 3) with a ratio between 0.4 and 2.5 (Hardjito, 2005).

 Beside flyash, precursors for geopolymer-based

alumina silicates(composition like cement) can be
natural minerals such as kaolin, clay, mica,
andalusite, spinel, ash rice husk etc.

 For polimer latex precursor,you can

using epoxy resin. Epoxy resins can
accelerate the hardening process,
because the epoxy resin create heat to
help to accelerate hardening.
Faktor yang mempengaruhi Beton
geopolimer
1.Konsentrasi NaOH
(Hardjito & Rangan, 2005), menyebutkan bahwa semakin tinggi
konsentrasi (molaritas) dari larutan natrium hidroksida maka dapat
menyebabkan kuat tekan beton geopolimer meningkat.
2.Rasio Agregat Halus dan Precursor
Kegunaan precursor dalam beton geopolimer adalah sebagai
pengganti semen untuk mengikat material. Apabila agregat halus lebih
banyak maka akan sulit untuk precursor untuk mengikat semua material.
3.Rasio Activator dan Precursor
Untuk perbandingan activator dan precursor haruslah sesuai.Apabila
jumlah activator sedikit ,maka ada kemungkinan precursor yang tidak
bereaksi begitu pula sebaliknya sehingga dapat menurunkan kualias
beton itu sendiri.
4.Rasio Na2SiO3 dan NaOH,
Perbandingan Na2SiO3 dengan NaOH yang semakin banyak
menyebabkan initial dan Final setting yang lebih lama. Kandungan
Na2SiO 3 yang lebih banyak menyebabkan nilai kuat tekan beton
Geopolimer yang lebih tinggi dibanding Dengan kandungan NaOH yang
lebih banyak
The advantages and disadvantages of
geopolymer concrete

Kelebihan Kekurangan

Tahan terhadap api Pembuatan lebih rumit

Tahan terhadap lingkungan Mix design yang belum pasti

yang korosif
Tahan terhadap reaksi alkali
silica
Mengurangi polusi udara

Nilai susut yang kecil

Comparison between Geopolimer
concrete and Ordinary concrete
Beton Geopolimer Beton Konvesional

Permukaan beton lebih halus Permukaan beton lebih kasar

Kekuatan lebih tinggi Kekuatan lebih rendah

Harga pembuatan lebih mahal Harga pembuatan lebih murah

Workabilitynya rendah Workabilitynya lebih tinggi

dikarenakan mortar lebih
pekat
 An Experimental Study On
SLAG/FLY ASH-BASED and
RED MUD GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

Teknologi Beton Mutakhir M. Rizky Adefa 03011281520104

Ade Martselia 03011281520107
Jurusan Teknik Sipil
Cindy Violita 03011281520020
Universitas Sriwijaya Vincent Tansri 03011281520122
 SLAG/FLY ASH BASED
GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Chien-chung Chen
Ivan Diaz
Kathleen Menozzi
Slag Luis Murillo Fly-ash
 Materials
- Slag/fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is produced using locally available
materials from a concrete plant in the Midwest region of the United States. The fly
ash used here was classified as Class C fly ash-ASTM C618. Unlike class F fly ash
which contains less than 20% CaO, class C fly ash contains more than 20% CaO.
- The slag used in this study was ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS),
which meets the requirements of ASTM C989.
- The Precursor is the slag and fly ash, while the activator is the sodium
silicate(Na2SiO3).
- The testing is using three samples. All three of the concretes are made based on
the table below.
 Mixing Procedures
The geopolymer concrete was mixed in the following order:
1. First, premixing all liquids (Na2SiO3, superplasticizer,
and water) in a bucket for two minutes,
2. Then mix the coarse and fine aggregates in a concrete mixer for
about one minutes
3. Add the slag and fly ash into the mixer and mix it for a whole minute.
4. Add the previously mixed liquid into the mixer and mix it again for
three minutes.
5. After all the ingredients have been mixed, the speciments are
shaped into three different testing concrete.

All the three testing concrete are tested with fresh concrete test and
the compressive test.
Fresh Concrete Properties After Mixed

This table is showing us the properties of mix 1,mix 2, and mix 3. The data
itself is obtained using the fresh concrete test. The results are divided into air
content(%), unit weight(kg/m3), and the slump (mm).
The analysis compared to the OPC concrete:
- All the air contents are lower than 2%
- Unit weight is ranging between 2,387 until 2,393
- The slump results ranged from 230mm until 255mm which means the
mixes showed a good workability(while in the fresh concrete test)
Compressive Test Result
The compressive test is using two cylinder
tests. The compressive strength of the
typical 28 days OPC concrete is between 20
Mpa until 40 Mpa.

1. With the lowest slag/fly ash ratio, Mix #1

exhibits the lowest 7-day and 28-day
compressive strengths among the three
geopolymer concrete mixtures.
2. All three geopolymer concrete mixtures
exhibit high 7-day compressive strengths
comparable to the 28-day compressive
strength.
 GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
USING RED MUD AND GGBS
Elson John
Kevin M. Chalapuram
Peter Shebin
Helna K. Mohan
Red-mud
Zuman Frazana
 Materials
1. Red Mud
Red mud is a highly alkaline waste product composed mainly of iron oxide that is
generated in the industrial production of alumina. (aluminium oxide, the principal
raw material used in the manufacture of aluminium metal and also widely used in
the manufacture of ceramics, abrasives and refractories).

2. GGBS/GGBFS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag)

GGBS is produced via the process for grinding "Granulated Blast Furnace Slag"
(GBFS) that is a kind of byproduct produced via blast furnace operated in our
steel works. GGBS is hydraulic, mixed in other cement products, and utilized as
the material for blast furnace cement, soft concrete mixture material.

3. Alkaline Liquids(NaOH and Na2SiO3)

The alkaline liquid used is a combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium
silicate. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) of 10 M was used.
 Methodology
• The geopolymer concrete mixes were made by varying the proportion of
red mud and GGBS (80% : 20% ; 70% : 30% ; 60% : 40% ; 50% : 50%).
The concrete cubes were casted and their compressive strengths were
tested after 28 days.
• Cube specimens of size 150x150x150mm
• There are four testing concrete which all four have different red mud,
GGBS, NaOH, and Na2SiO3 compositions.

MATERIALS M1 M2 M3 M4

Red mud 81 81 122 163

GGBS 326 326 285 244

NaOH 86 91 98 98

Na2Si03 85 95 100 123

 Test Result
 The workability of concrete was found out Slump In
Mix Designation
using the slump test. The workability of Milimeter
the GPC mixes was very low. They were M1 50
very dense. It was found that the M2 48
workability decreases with increase in the M3 30
red mud content. The workability is also M4 28
very far from what the slag/fly ash based
concrete delivers in the previous slide.

 The compressive
strength results very
similar to the 28
days OPC which
has the range of
20MPa until 40
MPa.
Thank you!