KINEMATICS

MECHANICS - the study of the motion of objects

Kinematics is the science of describing the
motion of objects using words, diagrams,
numbers, graphs, and equations.
Kinematics is a branch of mechanics.
 (vi  v f )t v f  vi  at
dx 
2
2
a(t )
dx  vi t  v f  v  2adx
2
i
2
Starting from rest, a road
runner accelerates at 3 m/s2
for ten seconds. What is the
final velocity of the road
runner? How far does he
travel?
A bullet starting from rest
accelerates at 40, 000 m/s 2

down at 0.5 m long barrel What

is the velocity of the bullet as it
leaves the barrel of the gun?
A car traveling at 20 m/s
applies its brakes and
comes to a stop in 4 s. How
far does the car travel
before coming to stop?
A skier is traveling at 5m/s
accelerates down the hill at
2
2m/s for 3 s. What is the final
velocity of the skier, and how far
down the hill has the skier
traveled in this time?
A car travels due N and it
has an acceleration of
2
2m/s .What is the time
covered if the car travels
0.75 km?
1. A motorcycle traveling at 25 m/s accelerates at a rate
of 7.0 m/s2 for 6.0 seconds. What is the final velocity
of the motorcycle?
2. A parachute on a racing dragster opens and changes
the velocity of the car from 85 m/s to 45 m/s in a
period of 4.5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the
dragster?
3. A car traveling at a velocity of 30.0 m/s encounters an
emergency and comes to a complete stop. How much
time will it take for the car to stop if its rate of
deceleration is 4.0 m/s2?
4. A skier accelerates at a rate of 4.6m/s2 for 4.5s. What is the initial
velocity if the final velocity is 21m/s?
5. Georgia is jogging with a velocity of 4 m/s when she accelerates at
2 m/s2 for 3 seconds. How fast is Georgia running now?
6. A cyclist is traveling at 25 m/s N then turns 4 m/s2 W. How fast is
he traveling after 5 seconds?
7. During a race, a dragster is 200 m from the finish line when
something goes wrong and it stops accelerating. It travels at a
constant velocity of 45 m/s for 3 seconds to try to finish the race.
How far from the finish line is the dragster after 3 seconds? How
fast is the dragster traveling before he comes to a stop?
FREE FALLING
BODIES
WHAT IS FREE FALL?
-An object thrown upward and
downward accelerates due to
gravitational pull of energy.
-The symbol used to denote the
gravity
𝑚
is g which has the value of
-9.8 2
𝑠
KINEMATIC EQUATIONS FOR FREE FALL
1
dy  (vi  v f )t v f  vi  gt
2
1
dy  vi t  g (t ) 2
vf  v  2 gdy
2
i
2
Sample Problems
1. A rock gradually rolls off a cliff and falls to the
ground below. It takes the rock 7.23seconds to
hit the ground below the cliff. How high is the
cliff?
Sample Problems
2. A little kid stands along the edge of a very steep cliff and
shoots a rock with a sling shoot straight up into the air with a
velocity of 65.0 m/s. If the rock falls down to the bottom of the
cliff and it took 45.3 seconds to fall. How high is the cliff?
Sample Problems (Try This!)
3. An object falls from a high building. Ignoring air resistance,
what will its velocity be after 6 seconds of falling?
4. An object falls from a high building and hits the ground in
9.0 seconds. Ignoring air resistance, what is the distance
that it fell?
5. During a tornado in 2008 the Peachtree Plaza Westin
Hotel in downtown Atlanta suffered damage. Suppose a
piece of glass dropped near the top of the hotel falling 215
meters.
A. Ignoring air resistance, how long would it take the
piece of glass to hit the ground?
B. Ignoring air resistance, what will the velocity of the
piece of glass be when it strikes the ground?
6. A cliff diver from the top of a 100 [m] cliff. He begins
his dive by jumping up with a velocity of 5 [m/s].
a. How long does it take for him to hit the water below?
b. What is his velocity right before he hits the water?
7. You drop your cell phone while in the bathroom in
front of the mirror while the water is running in the sink
below. If you are 0.45 meters above the sink, how long
do you have before your cell phone is a goner.
Sample Problems (Try This!)
6. An object falls from the Transco Tower in Houston
and takes 15 seconds to reach the ground.
A. What is its velocity at impact if air resistance is
ignored?
B. How tall is the building?
7. Wil-E-Coyote drops a bowling ball off a cliff to try
to catch the Roadrunner. The cliff is 132m high.
A. How long does it take the ball to fall to the
ground?
B. What is its impact velocity?
1. An object falls from the top of 231 m high
building.
A. What is the final velocity of the object as it
hit the ground?
B. How long does it take to hit the ground?
2. A ball is thrown downward from the top of
tower, if the ball hits the ground at 9.3 s,
how high is the building? What is the final
velocity of the ball?
3. A man is standing at the second floor of
Leaning Tower of Pisa. He observes a falling
object from that floor, if the object hit the
ground at 2. 5s, how high is the second floor
from the ground?
4. A girl is playing jackstone at the third floor of
the building. The ball suddenly fall and hit the
ground at 4.3 s. How high is the building? What
is the final velocity of the ball?
PROJECTILE MOTION
•An object thrown with an initial horizontal
velocity and acted upon the Earth’s gravity is
known as projectile
•A projectile travels in a curved path called
trajectory.
HORIZONTAL PRJECTIONS
𝑔𝑡 2
• 𝑑𝑦 =
2
• 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 ∙ 𝑡
• 𝑉𝑅 = 𝑉𝑥 2 + 𝑉𝑦 2
PROJECTIONS AT ARBITRARY ANGLE
𝑣𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑡=
𝑔
′
2𝑣𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑡 =
𝑔
(𝑣𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2
𝑑𝑦 =
2𝑔
𝑣𝑖 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
𝑅=
𝑔
𝑣𝑓𝑦 = 𝑣𝑖𝑦 + 𝑔𝑡
A ball is thrown horizontally at a
height of 2.2 meters at a velocity of
65 m/s. Assume no air resistance.
a. How long until the ball reaches the
ground?
b. How far did the ball travel
horizontally when it hit the ground
A bullet is fired horizontally at a height
of 1.3 meters at a velocity of 950 m/s.
Assume no air resistance.
a. How long until the bullet reaches
the ground?
b. How far did the bullet travel
horizontally when it hit the ground?
A missile is fired at a 65° angle and an initial velocity
of 345 m/s. Assume no air resistance.
a. What is the vertical component of the missile’s
velocity?
b. What is the horizontal component of the missile’s
velocity?
c. How long until the missile hit the ground?
d. How high did the missile travel?
e. How far did the missile travel horizontally when
it hit the ground?
Calculate the vertical and
horizontal components of
the following:
40 m/s @ 75°, 45 m/s @
35°, 46 m/s @ 65°, 2 m/s @
70°.
Use the range and max height equations to calculate the horizontal
distance a baseball travels if the initial velocity is 65 m/s and the
ball is thrown at an angle of:
ANGLE VERTICAL MAX. HEIGHT RANGE
30
40
45
50
55
60
65
A golfer practising on a range with an elevated tee 4.9 m
above the fairway is able to strike a ball so that it leaves the
club with a horizontal velocity of 20 m/s. (Assume the
acceleration due to gravity is 9.80 m/ s2, and the effects of air
resistance may be ignored unless otherwise stated.)
A. How long after the ball leaves the club will it land
on the fairway?
B. What horizontal distance will the ball travel before
striking the fairway?
C. What is the acceleration of the ball 0.5 s after being
hit?
D. Calculate the speed of the ball 0.80 s after it leaves
the club.
E. With what speed will the ball strike the ground?