PowerPoint: Showing Chemistry

Bigger Than Life

Samples of PowerPoint animations from various presentations.

By Ken Costello

Text in this yellow box

Text in the scroll boxes are comments about
are what I normally say the animation
when the slide is showing. techniques used.
To learn the techniques, run the PowerPoint and
then stop it after each slide to examine the
Custom Animation Window. Bring up the
window by going to the SlideShow pull down
menu at the top of the screen and then choosing
“Custom Animation…”
Click on the animations listed to see its name,
the speed, how it starts, and other properties.
Click the small down arrow to the right of the
animation name to bring up Effect Options
window.
To start the PowerPoint on different slides, either
click the small projector screen icon at the
bottom left or press Shift-F5.
 Elements are the new building blocks
The animation is
done with the Circle
Motion Path for
single electrons and
Hydrogen Nitrogen-7 the Spin effect for
pairs of electrons.
Pairs of electrons are
grouped first.

Carbon-6

The Fill effect with Oxygen-8

transparency is used
for the spherical
boundaries.
 Hydrogen

Compounds are two

or more elements
that share electrons
Carbon-6 or have taken or
given electrons away.

Hydrogen Hydrogen

Again, the Circle

Motion path is used
for single electrons,
Hydrogen
and the Spin Effect is
use for pairs.
 Hydrogen

Compounds are two

or more elements
that share electrons.
Carbon-6

Hydrogen Hydrogen

Here the idea of

sharing electrons is
When electrons are presented with
shared, they don’t electrons that are
just stay around the following custom
Hydrogen motion paths (curved
element that first type)
owned them.
Elements are the new building blocks

H C N O
Let’s build ethanol from
the water and methane.
Note: this isn’t how
ethanol is made, but you
can see the building
block approach.
H
H H

O H
C H
Straight line motion paths are
used. Most started as “Right”
Paths because that was the
general direction. You can then
H move the end to wherever you
want.
O H Hydrocarbons C

Gasoline 12
Lipids: oils & fats l- ic s
e 0
s l-2 as 00 t
O
H H H H H H H i e i l
D O P 10
C OH C C C C C C C H
H H H H H H H
Hydrocarbons are
O
H H H H H H H simple. They are
If wefrom
built useonly
C OH C C C C C C C H
oxygen
carbon atoms,
atoms and
H H H H H H H hydrogen atoms.
we can make
The number of
O
H H H H H H H lipids.
carbon atoms
determines what
C OH C C C C C C C H
we use them for.
H H H H H H H
 Let’s look at ammonia
and acetic acid and how
H C N O the proton from acetic
acid may go to ammonia
to make ammonium ion

H
O
H
N H
H
H C C O
H
H H
Ammonia
Here I’m using circle motion paths and Acetic acid Vinegar
custom motion paths (curved type).
Amino acids are building blocks for proteins

H C N O S

H
O Glycine
Alanine

H N C C O acid
H
Amino H
Glycine is the simplest of the
H amino
Sulfur acids. Let’s
is needed fornow
two make
of the
alanine.
essential amino acids.
H
 Amino acids are building blocks for proteins

H C N O S

H O H O
H N C C O H N C C O
H H H
H
H H

Glycine Glycine
Amino acids connect as a The “Down” motion path was
water molecule is used for water, then adjusted by
moving the end. Glycine came
released. in using the “Left” path.
 Amino acids are building blocks for proteins

H C N O S

O H

H N C C O
H

By attaching various combinations of

the 5 above atoms at this location,
living things make a total of 20 amino
acids that then build all the proteins
they need.
This is how nylon is made. A
mixture of Hexamethylene Diamine
(one with green nitrogen atoms) Various “Up/Down/Left/Right”
and Adipic acid (one with red motion paths were used. A spin
oxygen atoms). This synthesis effect was used at the end.
happens spontaneously with water
molecules being released.
Chemistry I found te
changes picture of
the way the eyes
you look at but added
various
the world. autoshape
objects.
They were
rotated with
the Spin
Emphasis
effect,
which was
set to
repeat
using the
“Effect
Option”
menu.
 This effect was
simple. It used
the Flash bulb
Emphasis effect.
When writers try to However, I set it
explain quantum to be very slow at
8 seconds using
chemistry they often the Timing menu
resort to the fantasy and typing in 8.
world of Alice in
Wonderland.
If you choose
to stay in this
class…

Here I do two effects on

the text at the same time.
For example, I’m using
motion paths with either a
fade in zoom or a fade
out. On the original slide,
I followed this animation
with a movie clip from the
Matrix.
 You
This are
stickfamiliar
figure iswith
made by placing
needlepoint.
carbon monoxide By molecules
placing small
onto a
stitches on a asurface,
surface using Scanningyou can
Tunneling
Microscope.
make designs.Each piece was made
with a carbon monoxide molecule,
with atoms only 0.07 nanometers
across.
0.07 nm
The “drawing” seems childish until
you realize how small the carbon
dioxide molecules are.
 This animation is simple.
Mostly just fade in and
Now imagine that your hand is fade out plus some
very large and you are trying to Grow/shrink effects.
place those stitches (atoms) in
that needlepoint pattern there on
Earth.

Yes, from this distance we can

realize how small those stitches
Here theyou
Imagine stitches
are are much larger are. However, we have to pull
thanyou
atoms. To get back even farther to have them
going
Do tonow
makehave
thisana sense of the the size of atoms.
size of atoms,
snowflake
appreciation ofwe
design must
and
how place this
amazing it
needlepoint
each
is ispattern
an intofar
stitch atoms
to place way.
a pattern?
atom.
When the Earth was
photographed from the moon, it
was often described as the Big
Blue Marble.

A marble is looked upon as

beautiful but static– motionless.
Of course we know better. From a
distance, we can’t see the
movement of cars, animals, people,
wind, and waterfalls. However,
that doesn’t mean all this activity is
not happening.
 In the original slide I
show a video clip I made
Let’s make that shows this motion.
Earth
This is marble
not true. The atoms
size
are
When in constant
we look motion
at real and
are responding
marbles, to radio
we have the
ways as well they
impression as other
just types
ofsitlight. Infrared
there– light is
motionless.
causing the molecules to
vibrate. Visible light is
causing the electrons to
jump to higher orbits
absorbing and emitting
certain colors. Light is
also be slowed down as it
interacts with the atoms
causing the light to be
refracted into a rainbow of
colors.
 I created the effect
that was seen on
computer screens in
Matrix. Strips are
flown in and are set
to repeat.

One thing Neo learned in the Matrix was

that he needed to understand it at the
most basic level. Once he did, he could
control it. Chemistry is very similar.
01011011 = “m” key
Shift key turns off 5th switch
01001011 = “M” key
00001011 = Enter key Ctrl key shuts off 5th & 7th
switches

To most people the keys on the keyboard are just letters. To a

person who knows the underlying makeup, they can do things that
seem impossible. For example, let’s say the Enter key stops
working. Knowing that the “m” key building blocks of bits are
very similar to those of the “Enter” key allows that person to use
the “m” key along with the Ctrl key to do the same as the Enter
key. You can launch Notepad to demonstrate that.

Launch
Notepad
When you know chemistry, there’s a new
level of looking at the world around you.
When electrons are accelerated
and then stopped, a photon of
light will be generated. If these
photos are of high enough
energy they can combine to
form an electron/positron pair.
Here is an actual tracking
of the production of a
electron/positron pair.
The voltage needed to create an electron is about one million
volts. This is the voltage that creates a bolt of lightning. This
voltage pushes electrons from the sky to the ground, but the
electrons are slowed down by the air. If they weren’t, it would
be possible that two electrons accelerated by a million volts
striking the ground would give off light of enough energy to
create a new electron.
 What kind of voltage do you need to generate a
photons with high energy needed to create protons?
The lightning was
drawn with the
scribble tool under
the Draw toolbar 
Autoshapes menu
 Lines
 Proton
Quarks Anti-quarks
U U
D
+2/3 U
-1/3 D
Neutron
D D
U

Quarks of six “flavor” or “colors” and their anti-quarks are created when high
energy gamma rays with energy of about 300 million volts collide.
 SiO2*2H2O

AlO3*2H2O

Temper is added to provide a way for the water vapor to

escape. It usually consists of sand or crushed bones.
As the water is driven out, the layers
shrink
Clay is and
madebegin toout
fuse.
of layers of
thesilicon
water oxide isand aluminum
Mild heat will drive
When water is added, water that in
gets in between
between the layers.
these Mullite
oxide. Water is bonded to these molecules.
layers.
High This causes
temperatures the clay
will break thetobonds
become pliable.
of the water that is
attached to silicon and aluminum oxides.
Needles of mullite, Al6Si2O13, begin to grow. These strengthen the clay.
This chart uses the log of concentrations in order for
the smaller concentrations of elements to be visible.
 $1000
$1000 103
3-
Here we see that large
numbers and small $100
numbers are difficult to 2-
graph together. However, if
$10
we convert each to a power 1-
of 10 and graph the
exponent, the amounts are $1
not so drastically different. 0-
The animations are simple but $.10
effective. Bar graphs enter with
a wipe up.
-1-
102 $.01
101 -2-
$100 100 10 -1
10-2
$10 $1 $.10 $.01 -3-
 Only the zoom effect was used here. All but
one Earth were set to animate “With Previous”
so they all came together. The original Earth
image had black space around it. If you click
on the black with the “Set Transparent Color”
tool on the picture toolbar, the black will be
transparent. That way the Earths can overlap
each other.

During a supernova the collapse of the neutron core has the mass of
500,000 Earths traveling at ¼ the speed of light. If that happened to
us here on Earth, our sky would be filled with Earths coming at us. It
would take about 5 seconds after they passed the moon.
During the supernova explosion the outward moving matter is moving so fast that it
compresses and heats whatever it collides with to temperatures of 1010 to 1011 K...
much hotter than anything we have encountered in our studies of stars so far.
Here is an actually picture of a supernova.
Here is another of the same supernova.
This animation shows the power of using three animation effects at the same time
on the same object. The words follow a motion path as they spin and shrink. The
flask has a semi-transparent effect to make it look like glass.
If fluorine was
an animal, it
would be a
shark. The next
slide shows the
shark (fluorine)
going after a
circling electron.
The animation
runs
automatically.
There is sound
also, so be at the
ready with your
volume control.
This is an effective animation that uses a slow faded zoom to bring the shark into
view dramatically. At the same time the shark follows a motion path to the electron
past the glass ball of fluorine. The glass has a semi-transparent effect to make it
behave like glass.
A zoom exit with sound usually scares the students, which they enjoy.
 Water: the Universal Solvent
One side of water is negatively charged
because the oxygen atom keeps the
shared electrons longer than the
hydrogen atoms. As a result the
oxygen side is negatively charged
O
and the hydrogen side of water is
positively charged.
 Water: the Universal Solvent
Like a magnet that pulls on things that are magnetic, water pulls on things that are
electrically charged. Magnets have north & south poles, water has positive and
negative poles and thus called a polar solvent.
Since unlike charges attract, the negative end of water will be attracted to the positive
sodium ion. The positive end of water will be attracted to the negative chloride ion.
Since water is always in motion, it will pull on the ionic compound and move the ions
away from each other. This dissolves the ionic compound.

O
O

Na+ Cl-
O

O
O

The motion paths with some spin effects are good ways to show this concept.
 Wax does not repel water
We’ve heard that wax or oils repel water. But that
isn’t true. Water is so attracted to other water
molecules that anything between them is squeezed
out of the way.

O
O

Oil
droplet Simple motion paths
with some spin
O

makes this concept

easier to understand.

O
O
 Soaps & Detergents
Soaps and detergents are chains that have one end that is
like oil and has no charge and the other end is charged.
SO4- SO4-
SO4- SO4-
SO4- SO4-
O

O
O

Oil
droplet
O

O
O

The effect is good, and all done with motions paths (custom & line) and spin effects.