BHS INGGRIS TEKNIK

OLEH :
Fajar Tri Yulianto
Farid Kovianan
 Heat engines

External combustion Internal combustion

engines engines

Steam turbines Diesel engines petrol engines

HEAT ENGINE

 heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal energy—and chemical

energy—to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical
work. It does this by bringing a working substance from a higher state
temperature to a lower state temperature. A heat source generates thermal
energy that brings the working substance to the high temperature state.
 The working substance generates work in the working body of the engine
while transferring heat to the colder sink until it reaches a low temperature
state. During this process some of the thermal energy is converted
into work by exploiting the properties of the working substance
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

 The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the burning of a fuel

occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. This exothermic
reaction of a fuel with an oxidizer creates gases of high temperature and
pressure, which are permitted to expand. The defining feature of an internal
combustion engine is that useful work is performed by the expanding hot
gases acting directly to cause movement, for example by acting on pistons,
rotors, or even by pressing on and moving the entire engine itself.
 The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created
by Étienne Lenoir around 1859 and the first modern internal combustion
engine was created in 1876 by Nikolaus Otto (see Otto engine).
PETROL ENGINES

 A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in American

English) is an internal combustion engine with spark-
ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar
volatile fuels.
DIESEL ENGINES

 The diesel engines (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine), named

after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the
fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber, is caused by the
elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to the mechanical
compression (adiabatic compression). This contrasts with spark-ignition
engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a
gaseous fuel as opposed to petrol), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel
mixture.
EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

 An external combustion engine (EC engine) is a heat engine where a working

fluid, contained internally, is heated by combustion in an external source,
through the engine wall or a heat exchanger. The fluid then, by expanding
and acting on the mechanism of the engine, produces motion and usable
work. The fluid is then cooled, compressed and reused (closed cycle), or
dumped (open cycle). In these types of engine, the combustion is primarily
used as a heat source, and the engine can work equally well with other types
of heat source.
STEAM TURBINE

 steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from

pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output
shaft. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.
 The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its
improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in
the expansion of the steam, which results in a closer approach to the ideal
reversible expansion process. Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it
is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator—about 85% of
all electricity generation in the United States in the year 2014 was by use of
steam turbines