THEORY
CONSUMER DEMAND THEORY
• cardinal
• ordinal
Asumsi Utama:
X TUx MUx
0 0
Untuk 1 brg. 1 10 10
Consumer equilibrium: 2 18 8
3 24 6
MUx = Px
4 28 4
5 30 2
6 30 0
7 28 -2
TUx
TUx
Marginal Utility 0
X
of X (MUx): MUx
MUx = DTUx
DX 0
X
MU
P
dx
X
0
Ordinal Utility Approach:
Asumsi2 Utama:
• Utility dpt diberi peringkat (rank)
• Diminishing marginal rate of substitution (MRS)
• Total utility ditentukan oleh kuantitas brg yg
dikonsumsi
• Consistency and transitivity
Konsumen indif-
ferent di ttk A, B, A
atau C krn utility
sama. B
C
IC
X
0 1 2 3
WHY? IC1
X
0
Marginal Rate of Substitution of X for Y (MRSxy)
-DY
DX
IC
0 X
1 2 3
Karakteristik IC:
- Slope negatif
- Convex to the origin
- Tdk berpotongan satu sama lain
X
0
The Budget Constraint Line:
Y I = Px X + PyY
I/Py K
Slope Budget Line:
Budget Line
-PX/PY
L
0 X
I/Px
CONSUMER EQUILIBRIUM
Y
Pd ttk E slope indiffer-
Consumer Equilibrium ence curve = slope
budget line:
N
E
ICn
- MUY/MUX = - PX/PY
R
IC1
X
0
Income Consumption Curve (ICC)
E;”’
ICC
E’’
E’
IC3
IC1
X
0
Price Consumption Curve (PCC)
PCC
IC3
IC1
0 X1 X2 X3 X
Px
Derivasi
Demand Curve P1
P2
for X dr PCC P3
dx
0 X1 X2 X3
X
Pemisahan Substitution and Income Effects
Income effect :
Turunnya Px menyebabkan jumlah X yg dibeli naik
karena real income konsumen naik walaupun money
income tetap.
Substitution effect:
Turunnya Px menyebabkan jumlah X yg dibeli naik
setelah income dikembalikan pd posisi real income
semula (sebelum Px berubah).
Substitution & Income Effect: Kasus Harga Brg X Turun
effect saling K’ C
mendukung A
B
IC2
IC1
0
L X2 L’ X
X1 X3 L’’
Px
P1
Marshallian
Demand Curve
P2
dx
dx’
0 X1 X3 X2 X
Hicksian
Demand Curve
Consumer’s Surplus
Px (Rp)
A
Consumer surplus p1
▲pCA p2
p3
C
P
B
0 q1 q2 q3 q4 q’ X