Capacitors –Charge

Storing Tanks.
 Capacitors
Device for storing electrical energy which can then be
released in a controlled manner
Consists of two conductors, carrying charges of q and –q,
that are separated, usually by a nonconducting material - an
insulator

Symbol in circuits is

It takes work, which is then stored as potential energy in the

electric field that is set up between the two plates, to place
charges on the conducting plates of the capacitor

Since there is an electric field between the plates there is also a

potential difference between the plates
Capacitors

We usually talk about

capacitors in terms of
parallel conducting
plates

They in fact can be

any two conducting
objects
Capacitance
The capacitance is defined to be the ratio of the
amount of charge that is on the capacitor to the
potential difference between the plates at this point
Q
C
Vab

1Coulomb
Units are 1 farad 
1Volt
Calculating the Capacitance

We start with the simplest form – two parallel conducting

plates separated by vacuum

Let the conducting plates have area A and be

separated by a distance d

The magnitude of the electric field  Q

E 
between the two plates is given by 0 0A

We treat the field as being uniform Qd

Vab  Ed 
allowing us to write 0A
Series or Parallel Capacitors
Sometimes in order to obtain needed values of
capacitance, capacitors are combined in either

Series

or

Parallel
Dielectrics
Most capacitors have a nonconducting material between
their plates

This nonconducting material, a dielectric, accomplishes

three things
1) Solves mechanical problem of keeping the plates
separated

2) Increases the maximum potential difference allowed

between the plates
3) Increases the capacitance of a given capacitor over
what it would be without the dielectric
Energy Stored in a Capacitor
The total work done is just the integral of this
equation from 0 to Q

1 Q Q2
W 
C 0 q dq 
2C
Using the relationship between capacitance, voltage and
charge we also obtain

Q2 1 1
U  C V  QV
2
2C 2 2
where U is the stored potential energy
AIM OF OUR RESEARCH
WORK
• To Study Different Types of
Capacitors And Their
Properties.
 A P PA R AT U S
• Heavy Duty Aluminum Foil .
• Pair of Scissors
• 3 pages of Printer Paper 8.5x11 in. (21.6x27.9 cm.)
• Tape
• Ruler
• Connecting Wires.
TYPES OF CAPACITOR
 Parallel Plate Capacitor
• Parallel Plate Capacitors are the type of capacitors
which that have an arrangement of electrodes and
insulating material (dielectric).
• The two conducting plates act as electrodes.
• There is a dielectric between them. This acts as a
separator for the plates.
• The two plates of parallel plate capacitor are of
equal dimensions.
• They are connected to the power supply.
 Spherical Plate Capacitor

• Basically the spherical capacitor consist of hollow

spherical conducting plates having some radius,
surrounded by any another sphere.

• Positive charge is given to the inner and outer

surface of the conductor
Steps Of Construction:-

Step 1: Measure and Cut the Aluminum Foil.

Step 2: Attach the Sheets.
Step 3: Enclose the Capacitor.
Step 4: Set Up to Charge.
Step 5: Charge the Capacitor.
Step 6: Measure the Voltage and Observe.
Observation
With the help of Multimeter we were able to generate
very small potential difference.
Why did we choose this project??

We choose this project we wanted to construct

something useful from our day to day usage
materials. which is neither too expensive nor too
fancy but it’s the hard truth that Capacitor is used
in most of the instruments that we use in our day to
day life.
 Practical Usage

Capacitors have many uses for hobbyists such as

in:

• Tesla coils
• Coil guns
• Radio transmitters
• Filters
• Fans
• but essentially they are just used to store
charge.
Made By:

 Chaitanya Singh
 Aakansha
 Daksh Panwar