Case Base Discussion DVT
Case Base Discussion DVT
PADA MALIGNANCY
CASE BASE DISCUSSION
Arif Nur Widodo
Pembimbing : dr. Johan Kurnianda Sp.PD-KHOM
PENDAHULUAN
• Pemeriksaan fisik :
• KU : sedang, CM. TB 148 cm, BB 50 kg, IMT 22.82 kg/m², ECOG 2
• VS : TD 140/80 N 78 RR 20 T 36
• Kepala : CA (-)
• Thorax : dbn; Abdomen : dbn
• Ekstremitas : edema kaki kanan (+), teraba hangat (+), nyeri (+)
• L. Betis kanan : 35.5 cm
• L. Paha kanan : 51 cm
• L. Betis kiri : 24.5 cm
• L. Paha kiri : 39 cm
KIRI
KANAN
EKG
• Uterus:
• Servix : karsinoma sel skuamosa differensiasi sedang sampai buruk
meluas ke perbatasan corpus servix
• Corpus : leiomyoma uteri dan atrophic kistik kelenjar endometrium
• Adnexa kanan dan kiri : ovarium dengan corpus albikans, tanpa tumor
• Tuba : tanpa tumor
DIAGNOSIS
• MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X,
as well as proteins C and S, requires the presence of
vitamin K. These clotting factors are biologically
activated by the addition of carboxyl groups to key
glutamic acid residues within the proteins’ structure. In
the process, “active” vitamin K is oxidatively converted
to an “inactive” form, which is then subsequently
reactivated by vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1
(VKORC1). Warfarin competitively inhibits the subunit 1
of the multi-unit VKOR complex, thus depleting
functional vitamin K reserves and hence reduces
synthesis of active clotting factors.
WARFARIN
• TOKSISITAS
• Packed red cells and FFP may be required for immediate management of life-
threatening hemorrhagic complications. An FFP volume of 15 mL/kg is typically
sufficient to completely reverse coagulopathy. Alternatives to FFP treatment include
administration of rFVIIa or PCC.
• Vitamin K 1 is the only effective antidote for long-term management, but reversal of
anticoagulation takes several hours. Excellent oral bioavailability and rapid
absorption substantially negate any potential advantage of other routes of
administration.
CARBAZOCHROME
• INDICATIONS
• Capillary and parenchymal hemorrhage (trauma, tonsillectomy, during surgery), intestinal bleeding,
thrombocytopenic purpura.
• MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Carbazochrome, the semicarbazone of adrenochrome, that interacts with α-adrenoreceptors on
surface of platelets, which are coupled to Gq protein and initiate Poliphospolipase C IP3/DAG
pathway to increase intracellular free calcium concentration with these subsequent actions:
• Activates PLA2 and induce arachidonic acid pathway to synthese endoperoxides (TxA2, thromboxane A2)
• Calcium binds to calmodulin which then binds and activates myosin light-chain kinase, that will enable the
myosin crossbridge to bind to the actin filament and allow contraction to begin. This will change platelet’s
shape and induce release of serotonin, ADP, vWF (Von Willebrand factor), PAF (Platelet-activating factor) to
promote further aggregation and adhesion.