AI in

Healthcare

Submitted by,
Group1 :
Akshara B Ajayan(PGP/22/005)
Anjali Sajeev(PGP/22/307)
Praveen Prabhakar(PGP/22/312)
Vamshi Bogadi(PGP/22/317)
Vikrant Garg(PGP/22/426)
Nikhil Gupta(PGP/22/149)
 Introduction

• AI is bringing a paradigm shift to

healthcare with
- increasing availability of healthcare data
- rapid progress of analytics techniques
• Major disease areas that use AI : cancer,
neurology, cardiology
• Focus of our study – AI in treatment of
diseases ; Usage of AI in wearable
fitness devices
 Emergence of AI in HealthCare

2016-2020 (Data fusion)

Companies emerge with new AI
tech and business model
2005-2016 (Data tsunami) solutions for the healthcare
Smartphones and wearables data available
increase the amount of
healthcare data available but 2025+ (Widespread Adoption)
data is unstructured Cognitive health care
applications embedded within
nearly all clinics &
administrative workflow

2020-2025 (Commercialization)
Companies deliver specialized
AI based care capabilities, like
for cancer. Usage of genomic
data with AI tech to deliver
personalized care. Combination
of AI, IoT and smart homes for
personalized care
 Motivation of AI in healthcare
• AI system can assist physicians by providing up-to-date medical information
from journals, textbooks and clinical practices to inform proper patient care
• AI system can help to reduce diagnostic and therapeutic errors that are
inevitable in the human clinical practice
• AI system extracts useful information from a large patient population to assist
making real-time inferences for health risk alert and health outcome prediction
 Support Vector Machine(SVM)
SVM is a supervised learning model with basic assumption that two subjects can be
separated into two groups through a decision boundary which can be defined as -

where w(j) is the weight for the jth trait

Based on the outcome if-
1) a(i) >0 the ith patient is classified to group 1, that is, labelling Yi= −1
2) a(i) <0 the ith patient is classified to group 2, that is, labelling Yi=1
The training goal is to find the optimal w(j)’s giving smallest misclassification error.

Why SVM
Determination of the model parameters is a convex optimization problem. So, solution from
SVM is always global optimum.

Application
1. Identifying imaging biomarkers of neurological and psychiatric disease
2. Diagnosis of cancer
3. Early detection of Alzheimer’s diseases
 Neural Networks
The learning algorithm of a neural network can either be supervised or unsupervised. The
relationship between input variables and output(outcome) can be seen as a combination of
prespecified functionals (linear functions).
Neural Networks model can be defined as-

The training goal is to find the weights w(i)(j) to minimize the prediction error Σ(Yi − ai)^2

Application
1. Stroke Diagnosis
2. Tumor indicators for Cancer identification
3. Diagnosing Parkinson’s disease based on inputs of motor, non-motor symptoms
 Deep Learning: a new era of ML
• Deep learning is a modern extension of the classical neural network technique
• Deep learning is composed of several hidden layers; Neural Networks generally
consist of up to 3 layers

Neural Networks Deep Learning with two hidden layers

 Wearable Devices using IOT synergy in AI
In wellness and Sports :Gather the data and
enhance the well being during sports by
guidance to reduce injury AI gathers and analyze data to predict
In healthcare : Devices based on IoT and AI are diseases at a very early stage far beyond
predicted to increase the life expectancy ratio human reach.
in the coming future
Ex: Early detection and prevention of
For Improving safety : AI and IoT emerged in
the field of bicycling, running, motorcycling diseases like cancer, early treatment for
etc. in an efficient manner ensuring safety for diseases like Alzheimer’s.
the riders.
 Applications of AI in wearable devices

Sensora Game Golf

o AI in-app coaching to improve o Smart Caddie uses artificial
running routines using performance intelligence to help golfers make
analytics. data-driven decisions as they play.

o MARA coach provides real-time o Caddie – Personal assistant available

actionable audio and visual feedback in Game Golf
that helps enhance performance and
reduce injuries
o GAME GOLF has the largest
dataset of on-course usage in the
o It helps you keep motivated and also industry and allows us to draw
tells you how to run knowledge from over two million
rounds with users in 137 countries.
 Reference

• Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Past, present and future – Review by

SVN (Fei Jiang, Yong Jiang, Hui Zhi, Yi Dong, Hao Li, Sufeng Ma, Yilong
Wang, Qiang Dong, Haipeng Shen, Yongjun Wang)
• Future of wearable devices using IoT synergy in AI- IEEE Xplore ( Vasu
Sharma, Vineeta, Subranil Som, Sunil Kumar Katri)