Chapter 8 McCabe: Pumps

Compressors and Meters

CPMonterola CHE131
Cavitation
• A phenomena that occurs in
pump when gases are present in
pump fluid.

• Results in noises and vibrations

• And damages to pump

components.
NPSH required of a pump
• Net positive suction head (NPSH)

• The minimum inlet

pressure/head a pump require to
avoid cavitation.

• It is usually specified in pumps

manual/documentation.
Available NPSH
Available NPSH
Example 8.1 McCabe
McCabe Problem 8.2 answer 3.32 m
It is proposed to pump 10,000 kg/h of toluene at
114°C and 1.1 atm abs pressure. From the reboiler
of a distillation tower to a second distillation unit
without cooling the toluene before it enter the
pump. If the friction loss in the line between the
reboiler and pump is 7 kN/m2 and the density of
toluene is 866 kg/m3, how far above the pump
must the liquid level in the reboiler be maintained
to give a net positive suction head of 2.5 m? the
vapor pressure of Toluene at 114°C is 1.1 atm.
Problem 8.2 McCabe Seat Work
General types of pumps
1. Positive Displacement Pumps
2. Centrifugal pumps
Positive Displacement
Pumps
• Generally use for low capacity and
high head.

1. Reciprocating Pumps
2. Rotary Pumps
Positive Displacement Pump:
Screw Type
Centrifugal Pumps
• Generally for low heads and high capacity.
• Imparts speed thru rotational
speed of the impeller.
Axial Flow Pumps
MRII reviewer
What type of pump would you recommend if the
capacity is 5000 gal/min at a head of 15 ft of
water.
a. Gear Pump
b. Axial Flow Pump
c. Centrifugal pump
d. Screw pump
Perry Page 10-36
MRII reviewer
When the impeller speed of an ideal
centrifugal pump is doubled, the volumetric
flow rate of the discharge is increased by a
factor of
a. ½
b. 1.0
c. 2.0
d. 2exp2
MRII reviewer
If the speed of a centrifugal pump is doubled,
the energy requirement becomes approximately
____ times the original requirement.
a. 8
b. 2
c. 4
d. 10
Pumps in Series
• Q = q1 = q2

• H = H1 + H2

• ɳ =(H1+H2)/(H1/ɳ1+H2/ɳ2)
MRII reviewer
When two centrifugal pumps are connected in
series, the discharge changes by a factor of ___
a. ½
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4
Parallel pumps
• Q = q1 + q2

• H = H1 = H2

• ɳ = (q1+q2)/(q1/ɳ1+q2/ɳ2)
MRII Reviewer
When two reciprocating pumps are connected
in parallel, the volumetric capacity of the
system changes by a factor of ____
a. ½
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4
Characteristic curves of different
types of pumps
MRII reviewer
An axial flow pump operating at a speed of 880
rpm can supply water at a rate of 3000 gpm.
The maximum head that this pump can deliver
in feet of water is ____.
a. 36
b. 63
c. 20
d. None of these
Fans and Blowers
• Generally use for low pressure
and high volume requirement.
• Fans are recommended up to
3.447 kPa (Perry Page 10-49)
• Blowers are recommended up to
10.32 kPa (Perry Page 10-49)
MRII Reviewer
Air is to be delivered at a rate of 200
cfm and a pressure of 10 kPa. The
appropriate equipment to use is ____
a. Fan
b. Blower
c. Compressor
d. Centrifugal pump
“For calculation involving fans
assume gas is incompressible”
McCabe
Centrifugal Fan
Compressors
Compressors
Perry page 10-44
Compressor Power Equation
Compressors Head Calculation:
Adiabatic
Example 8.3 Mc Cabe
Problem 8.4 McCabe
Air entering at 70°F and atmospheric pressure is
to be compressed to 4000 psig. In a reciprocating
compressor at the rate of 125 std ft3/min. If the
compression ratio is 4, how many stages should
be used? What is the theoretical shaft work per
standard cubic foot for friction less adiabatic
compression? What is the brake horse power if
the efficiency of each stage is 85%?for air k=1.4.
Venturi meter
Venturi Meter Perry Page 10-16
∆𝑷 𝜶∆𝒖𝟐 𝒈
+ + ∆𝒛 = −𝒉𝒇 + 𝑾𝒔
𝝆 𝟐𝒈𝒄 𝒈𝒄
Venturi Meter
C = 0.98 for Nre ˃3000
Y = 1 for liquids
Y for gases Perry page 10-17
Lost power for Venturi Meter
Fm = yΔH
Fm is friction loss due to meter.
y is fraction of head loss due to friction
Y =0.10
Venturi meter
Solution Problem 8.4
Seat Work
Orifice Meter
Orifice meter Perry Page 10-17
• Use the same equation as venturi meter.
• C = 0.61
Example 8.4 McCabe 7th ed
Rotameter
Rotameter
Perry Page 10-22
Rotameter Perry Page 10-22
Rotameter Perry Page 10-22
MRII reviewer
A rotameter having a stainless steel float (sp. Gr.
= 8.0) is calibrated to handle a maximum flow of
3.0 m3/min of water. What is the maximum
flowrate of CCl4 it can handle in m3/min? The
density of CCl4 is 1590 kg/m3 and its viscosity is
0.901 cP while that of water is 0.890 cP.
Pitot tube
Pitot Tube equation Perry Page 10-11
Pitot tube Perry Page 10-13
Pitot
WEIR
weir
A weir /ˈwɪər/ is a barrier across the horizontal
width of the river that alters the flow
characteristics of the water and usually results
in a change in the vertical height of the river
level.
Rectangular weir Perry page 10-24
The Francis Formula
Triangular Weir Perry page 10-24
MRII reviewer
A right angled triangular weir is used to measure
the flow rate of water flowing in an open channel.
If the height of the water in the weir is 7.8 inches.
The flow rate of water in gal/min.
a. 400
b. 250
c. 380
d. 580