WIRELESS LAN

Presented by
Hardik Joshi And Rohan Pandya
Roll No-18mca012 & 18mca020
Computer Networks

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 What is Wireless LAN

 A wireless LAN or WLAN is the linking of more devices

without the use of wires.
 WLAN utilizes the modulation technology based on radio
waves to communicate between devices in a limited
network area.
 It gives users the mobility to move around within a broad
coverage area & still be connected to the network.

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 Why Wireless LAN

 Previously Ethernet LANs was used,which was very

costly, messy & movement of those LANs was
difficult.To reduce this problems related to Wired
LANs the concept of Wireless LAN has evolved.

 This is very much cost effective,less messy &

movement of this LANs are very easy because in this
type of LANs, problems related to wires are removed.

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 Types of WLAN

There are two types of WLAN:-

 IEEE 802.11
- 802.11b
- 802.11a
- 802.11g
 Bluetooth

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 IEEE 802.11
WLAN(Architecture)

The standard defines two kinds of services

i) Basic Service Set(BSS)
ii) Extended Service Set(ESS)

BSS:-
Set of all stations that can communicate with each other.
Access Point:-
Base stations for the wireless network.

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 IEEE 802.11
WLAN(Architecture)

ESS:-
Set of connected two or more BSS. It uses two types of stations: mobile and
stationary.
Distribution System:-
Wired LAN through which BSSs are connected.

Station:- All components that can connect into a wireless medium in a network.
Three types of stations:
No-transition,
BSS-transition
ESS-transition

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 802.11 Wireless LAN

 Provides network connectivity over wireless media

 An Access Point(AP) is installed to act as the Bridge
between Wireless and Wired network
 An AP is connected to wired network and is equipped
with antenna to provide wireless connectivity
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 802.11 Wireless LAN

 Range depends on structural hindrances and Radio

frequency gain of the antenna at the Access Point.
 To service larger areas, multiple Access Points may be
installed with 20-30% overlap.
 A client is always associated with one Access Point and
when the client moves closer to another Access Point, it
associates with the new Access Points.

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 MAC Sublayer

IEEE 802.11 defines two MAC sublayers:-

i) Distributed Coordination Function(DCF)
ii) Point Coordination Function(PCF)
DCF:- One of the two protocols defined by IEEE at the MAC sublayer is
called the distributed coordination function. Wireless LANs cannot
implement CSMA/CD for three reasons:-
1. For collision detection a station must be able to send data & receive
collision signals at the same time. This can mean costly stations &
increased bandwidth requirements.
2. Collision may not be detected because of the hidden station problem.
3. The distance between stations can be great. Signal fading could
prevent a station at one end from hearing a collision at the other end.

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 MAC Sublayer

PCF:-
-The point coordination function is an optional access
method that can be implemented in an infrastructure network.
-PCF has a centralized,contention-free access method. The
Access Point performs polling for stations that are capable of
being polled.

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 WLAN : 802.11b

 Supports 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps data rates in the 2.4-

GHz band.
 802.11b systems will interoperate with 1 Mbps and 2
Mbps 802.11 DSSS system but not with FHSS systems.
 Uses Complementary Code Keying(CCK)

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 WLAN : 802.11a

 Operates in 5-GHz band.

 Incompatible with devices operating in 2.4-GHz.
 Support data rates up to 54 Mbps.

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 WLAN : 802.11g

 IEEE 802.11g defines forward error correction using

the 2.4-GHz band
 The modulation technique achieves a 22 Mbps or 54
Mbps data rates on the 2.4-GHz band.

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difference between 802.11b
and 802.11a and 802.11g

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 System Architecture

 Two basic system architectures:-

a) Ad hoc
b) Infrastructure based

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Ad hoc Wireless LANs

 A BSS without an AP is
called as Ad hoc network.
 A group of stations using
the same radio frequency.
.

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Infrastructure based Wireless
LANs
 A BSS with an Access Point
is called an Infrastructure
based network.
 Distribution system
connects cells via access
point to form a single
network..

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difference between ad hoc and
infrastructure network

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 Bluetooth

 Short-range wireless LAN technology.

 It is an ad hoc network.
 It connects the device of different functions.
 A bluetooth device has the data rate of 1 Mbps with a
2.4-GHz bandwidth
 It defines two types of networks:- Piconet &
Scatternet.

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Advantages & Disadvantages of
WLAN

 Advantages:-
i) Convenience
ii) Productivity
iii) Deployment
iv) Expandability
v) Cost
 Disadvantages:-
i) Security
ii) Range
iii) Reliability
iv) Speed

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 References

 Data communications & Networking(Forouzan)

 WWW.Google.Com

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Thank you

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