Oleh:
Sugijanto
Disampaikan pada
Kuliah MK Manualterapi Musculoskeletal
Sugijanto, 2016
Definition of Manual Therapy
Sugijanto, 2015
Scope of Manual Therapy
Intervention
Sugijanto, 2016
Client complain
Body structure
(anatomic) Activities
impairment Non Pathologi/ Limitation
Pathologi
Body Function Participation
(biomechanic) Gangguan Gerak-Fungsi Restriction
impairment
Critical thinking
Evaluasi dan
penilaian hasil Sugijanto, 2016
Lingkup kerja: ICF
(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health)
Environment
Person
DISEASE / DISORDER
ICD / ICPC
functions / anatomical
(limitations in) (restrictions in)
characteristics
activities participation
(Impairments)
FUNCTIONING
external factors personal factors
Sugijanto, 2016
PATOLOGI FUNGSIONAL/NMSVM
Sugijanto, 2016
MENGANALISIS DARI ICD KE ICF
Contoh:
Osteoartritis lutut (ICD)
Anatomic impairment
Internal External
Disc Facet & Nerves factors factors
Capsels Muscle
Uncinate
Recreation
Hypomobility Neck pain Postural
deformity Sugijanto, 2016
CLINICAL Lumbar disc herniated
REASONING
Functioning and disability Constextual factors
Anatomic impairment
Internal External
factors factors
Disc Nerves Muscle Capsels Facet
Sugijanto, 2016
PEMAHAMAN ANATOMI TERAPAN
ANATOMI IN VIVO DAN IN VITRO
◦ Pada keadaan hidup dan kadaver.
◦ Integratif spine dan perifer.
◦ DISCRIPTIVE: penamaan, faktor-faktor yg
berpengaruh.
◦ TOPOGRAFIS
Lokal; regional; segmental; quadrant; total
Posisi jar. thd jaringan lain
Arah jaringan dan serabut
◦ FUNGSIONAL
◦ MEKANISME NMSV
Sugijanto, 2016
HISTOLOGI - FISIOLOGI JAR. SPES.
◦ Komponen dasar dan penunjang
◦ Struktur cellular
◦ Spesifikasi komponen
◦ Fisiologi jaringan spesifik
GERAK DAN FUNGSI
◦ Gerak molecular - cellular - jaringan - organ -
sistem - individu - lingkungan
◦ Fungsi sbg. Pemelihara sikap dan pembentuk
gerak
◦ Fungsi lokal, segmental dan total
Sugijanto, 2016
PEMAHAMAN ANATOMI TERAPAN
Sugijanto, 2016
Aspek mekanis sendi
Kajian sendi aspek
Osteokinematic:
•Diurai dlm jenis gerak pd bidang gerak
& sumbu gerak
•Diukur dlm derajat gerak sendi atau
centi meter.
•Analisis Grk spine per regio dlm 3 bidang
tsb, gerak dominan sesuai arah pemukaan
sendi.
Sugijanto, 2016
Arthrokinematic Roll-slide
Analisis gerak dg memandang grk antar
pemukaan sendinya/intra capsular.
Roll-slide diurai dalam gerak:
Traction-Compression: tarikan-tekanan tegak lurus
permukaan sendi (concave) Penerapan pd spine :
Gapping-3 dimensi ekstensi. Th LPAVP
Translation: dorongan sejajar permukaan sendi
Penerapan pd spine: C0-C1 translasi;
Spin: putaran pada sumbu longitudinal.
Sugijanto, 2016
POSISI SENDI
HUKUM KONKAF-KONVEKS
Lihat teks
CAPSULAR PATTERN
Lihat teks
Sugijanto, 2016
Hukum
konkaf-
konveks
Sugijanto, 2016
Loose Pack Position
Sugijanto, 2016
Closed Pack
Position
Sugijanto, 2016
CELLS
TAGET TOWARD
TISSUE SPECIFIC Sugijanto, 2016
STRUKTUR JARINGAN SPESIFIK
OSTEOGEN
spesifik
Intervensi stimulasi
Tes kompresi dan
aksial.
angulasi
Sugijanto, 2016
Permukaan sendi
Sinovial
Permukaan sendi arahkan grk Sendi:
◦ Dlm bd sagital: Grk utama fleksi-ekstensi
◦ Dlm bd frontal: Grk utama abduksi-adduksi
◦ Dlm bd sagital: Grk utama fleksi-ekstensi
Arthrokinematika: Traksi-translasi-
spin sesuai hukum concave-covex
Pd sistem kapsul tdpt meniscus/discus
Ligament mrpk penebalan capsel atau
tersendiri
Compression/traction test
Sugijanto, 2016
CAPSULOLIGAMENTAIR
T.a. srbt collagen sejajar
bersilang, elastin; cell Ligament penebalan tunica Mrpk stabilisator
fibroblast, dan matrix capsel / berdiri sendiri. sendi pasif fs arahkan
Facet ada meniscoide gerak sendi
komponen utama GAG’s,
air
spesifik
Sugijanto, 2016
MUSCULOTENDINOGEN
Otot tonic (red) dan phasic
(white). Sbg. stabilisator aktif dan
Myofibrile terbungkus oleh jar Komponen contractile: penggerak sendi
ikat fascia myofrile, komponen
penunjang/static: jaringan
ikat
spesifik
Sugijanto, 2016
SERABUT NEUROGEN & CELL
Motoric: A, spinal cord & cortex Serabut perifer sbg Radix-
motoric; Sensoric: A, A, A dan C; plexus–nerve trunk &
synapstic spinal; cortex sensoric; peripher, melewati jar. lain
Vegetatif: sympathic dan para
sympathic
Radix: dermatom; Peripher:
nervinal;Vegetative ber
asosiasi
spesifik
Sugijanto, 2016
PAIN FROM PERIPHERAL NERVE
Paresthesia
Anoxia intermittent
Neuropathic pain
Inflamation
Entrapment
Paresthesia
Fibrosis
menetap
Systemic Paresthesia
menetap
Sugijanto, 2016
INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMENT
Dibatasi Corpus, Diskus, Arcus, Proc
atrikularis, dan Facet.
•Isi lemak, arteria-vena, saraf afferent-
efferent-vegetative.
•Radix terbungkus sarung dura yg sensitif
•Gang Segmental: dermatome dan
Myotome.
•Inflamasi krn iritasi osteofit/disc bulging
/listesis /fraktur
Sugijanto, 2016
SPINAL CANAL
Sugijanto, 2016
SERABUT NEUROGEN & CELL
Serabut perifer sbg Radix-
Motoric: A synaps spinal cord & plexus–nerve trunk &
cortex motoric; Sensoric: A, A, peripher, melewati jar. lain
A dan C; synapstic spinal;
cortex sensoric;Vegetatif:
sympathic dan para sympathic Radix: dermatom; Peripher:
nervinal;Vegetative ber
asosiasi
spesifik
Sugijanto, 2016
DISC Nucleus pulposus dibungkus
annulus
Nutrisi utama dr protein corpus,
lapisan terluar annulus dr capilair
Fungsi Nucleus dan annulus:
◦ Memungkinkan gerak luas 6 pasang
◦ Sbg shock absorber
◦ Merubah tekanan aksial ke tangensial
diterima annulus → stabilitas sendiri
Beban meningkat bila fleksi,
rotasi, terberat: duduk bungkuk,
teringan: Psoas position
Nyeri karena iritasi jaringan
sekitarnya.
Sugijanto, 2016
DERMATOGEN/INTEGUMEN
Ta: epidermis, dermis dan subcutan.
Komponen jar ikat penyangga, lemak Sbg isolator, protector,
sbg isolator, saraf sensoris, serta penyangga dan organ Kelenturan oleh sub
pembuluh darah/lymphe cutan collagen & air
sensor
spesifik
Sugijanto, 2016
PATHOLOGY
TISSUE PATHOLOGY
Inflamation.
Immobilization.
Degenerative.
Mechanical compression.
Imunoreaction
Sugijanto, 2016
PATHOLOGY
INFLAMASI
◦ Tissue respons thd injury
Jar ikat, Jar otot, Tulang, Jar
mitochondria
◦ Regenerasi
Collagen wound healing
◦ Aktualitas patologi
Tanda2: Tumor, dolor, calor, rubor,
dan fungsiolesa.
Penting dlm penentuan metoda dan
dosis intervensi
◦ Pd spine referred pain luas dan
jauh
Sugijanto, 2016
WOUND HEALING PROCESS
Injury
Sugijanto, 2016
NYERI BERASAL DARI JARINGAN
SPESIFIK
Wound healing process
Inflammation
Nosisensoric sensitization
Hypoxia necrosis
SPECIFIC Ischemic
TISSUE
Inflammation necrosis
Contracture
Fatique
Sugijanto, 2016
Reaksi INFLAMASI
Iritasi Kerusakan jar
vasodilatasi
stimulus gln spinale
inflamasi
P substance
lokal
Trans ke p h c.Spinothal tract transport keperifer
spesifik
Immobilisation Adhesion
Myofascial Nyeri regang palpasi &
contracture stretch test
Sugijanto, 2016
CIDERA-INFLAMASI PD
JAR. SARAF
Neuritis: Neropraxia, Nyeri pd distribusi saraf,
axonotmesis, Neurotmesis paraesthesia, hypoaesthesia
neurofibrosis
spesifik
Percepat healing,
mobilisasi saraf
Sugijanto, 2016
NYERI DARI SARAF PERIFER
Paresthesia intermittent
Anoxia tinnel test & neural tension
test
NERVE Inflamation
Neuropathic pain
neural tension test
Sugijanto, 2016
CIDERA-INFLAMASI JAR CAPSULE-LIGAMENT
spesifik
Sugijanto, 2016
NYERI DARI CAPSEL
Nyeri pasca aktifitas
Instability stability test
Sugijanto, 2016
INFLAMASI JAR CAPSULE FACET
Sugijanto, 2016
PAIN FROM FACET SURFACE
Kompresi prmk Nyeri kompresi sendi
tulang Compression test 2
Sugijanto, 2016
INFLAMASI JAR
INTERNAL / PELVIC
Referred pain segment
somatovegetative
Gejala dermatom overlapping
Tes alat gerak negatif
Pemeriksaan data medik lain
Sugijanto, 2016
Pain from Ischemia
Pembuntuan Penjepitan
capiler capiler
Ischemic
Spasm Nyeri
• Hipoksia –
• Hipo gizi NECROSIS
• Free Radicals
Sugijanto, 2016
TIGHTNESS-CONTRACTURE
Tissue Tissue
inflammation immobilization
Fiber cross-links
Tight Contracted
Compression C aff
Stretch force
Tissue damage
Sugijanto, 2016
INAKTIFITAS & IMMOBILISASI
Immobilisasi Muscle tightness & Contracture
circulatory statis dan Muscle weakness & Atrophy otot
abnormal cross links spasm /sindroma myofascial
Circulatory Bone
disturbance osteoporosis
Sugijanto, 2016
INAKTIFITAS & IMMOBILISASI
Capsule & Ligament contracture
◦ Collagen waving + cross links
◦ Seluruh capsule sendi capsular
pattern.
◦ Sebagian capsule sendi non capsular
pattern.
◦ Pd aging jumlah air dlm matrix dan
srbt elastin menurun kelenturan
menurun dan rapuh.
◦ Sinovium meningkat nutrisi kurang
Sugijanto, 2016
Sugijanto, 2012
INAKTIFITAS & IMMOBILISASI
Muscle tightness & Contracture
◦ Otot spine umumnya jenis tonic, ( guarding spasm
& kontrantur)
◦ Jumlah sarcomer menurun pd posisi memendek.
◦ Dipilah spasm/tightness (myofibrile) dg contracted
(connective tissue)
Muscle weakness & Atrophy
◦ Otot phasic
◦ Kelemahan & pengecilan.
Kelemahan juga terjadi pd tonic ms bila
kronik spine: deviasi postural dan
stabilitas.
Sugijanto, 2016
INAKTIFITAS & IMMOBILISASI
Bone osteoporosis
◦ Lebih karena menurunnya circulatory, jml
fibroblast & osteoblast rendah
◦ Aktifitas osteoclast > osteoblast
◦ Karena beban tulang menurun
◦ Pd aging (senile osteoporositc) atau
immobilization porotic.
◦ Pada spine: compression fracture
kyphosis/gibbus.
◦ Ditanggulangi dengan aktifitas pembebanan
tulang pd posisi tubuh normal
Sugijanto, 2016
INAKTIFITAS & IMMOBILISASI
Circulatory disturbance
◦ Aktifitas turun COP turun, tensi turun, nadi
meningkat.
◦ Stasis dpt timbul deep vein thrombosis/
thrombophlebitis hati2 imboli
◦ Reflex vasoconsrtiction turun orthostatic
hypotension
◦ Hiperaktifitas simphatic: ketegangan abnormal
kulit punggung
◦ Suhu tubuh menurun
Sugijanto, 2016
INAKTIFITAS & IMMOBILISASI
Gangguan Neurogenik
◦ Penurunan aktifitas neurotransmiter Synaps:
sleeping neuron
◦ Ambang rangsang motoneuron turun reflex
turun, muscle contraction lamban-perlu kalori
besar.
◦ Ambang rangsang A , A, A menurun reflex
turun, keseimbangan turun
◦ Sifat otot lebih tonic
Vegetative Nocisensoric Micro circulatory:
vegetative reflex.
Sugijanto, 2016
INAKTIFITAS & IMMOBILISASI
Skin atrophy
◦ Akibat circulasi kulit turun, reflex dilatasi
turun kulit kering, keriput, pucat, dingin.
◦ Gangguan micro circulation: ketegangan sub
cutan connective tissue,
◦ Sensasi turun hati2 decubitus.
Sugijanto, 2016
KINETIC IMPAIRMENT
Pain Balance
◦ Pain in rest
◦ Pain in movement ◦ Sitting disbalance
◦ Referred pain etc ◦ Standing disbalance
Joint mobility: ◦ Walking disbalance, etc
◦ Ankylosing Gait:
◦ Hypomobility ◦ Antalgic gait
◦ Joint blockade
◦ Duchene gait
Joint stability:
◦ Hypermobility
◦ Trendelen burg gait, etc
◦ Instability Hand function:
Muscle performance: ◦ Grip weakness
◦ Muscle weakness ◦ Prehension disability,
◦ Muscle paresis etc
Sugijanto, 2016
JOINT MOTIONS IMPAIRMENT
Capsular
pattern
Contracture
Non capsular
Capsular pattern
Ossification Blockade
Tightness
Tendomuscular
Contracted
Sugijanto, 2016
JOINT MOTIONS
Joint
Laxity hypermobility
Ligamenter-
Capsular
Rupture Instability
Weakness
Tendomuscular Active
hypermobility
Rupture
Sugijanto, 2016
ANALISIS POSITION AND
POSTURE (sikap)
•Gabungan posisi sendi2 posture
tubuh
•Posisi tubuh lokal total
•Dibentuk oleh aktifitas sensomotorik
•Posisi normal aktifitas motorik
minimal
Posisi-sikap-gerak sensomotorik
Sikap dipengaruhi: intelegensi, spikologis, sosial, budaya,
gender,
Gangguan sikap sangat berpengaruh pd struktur jar spine
Sugijanto, 2016
MOVEMENT
Merupakan integrasi sensoric - motoric
vegetative menjadi gerak automatic
Gerak mendasar: gerak fungsional
Gerak lokal aktifitas otot simultan
Gerak stabilitas posisi trunk - sendi
proksimal
Gerak: Strength, Endurance, Speed,
accuracy
Metabolism ergotrophic
Sugijanto, 2016
ANALISIS GERAK
Analisis gerak regional dan total
Gerak segmental terjadi pd ‘movement
segment’ (segment of Junghann)
Gerak segmental melibatkan ‘three joint
complex’: discus dan sepasang facet.
Untuk cervical spine diarahkan uncinate
joint, thoracal spine dibatasi sendi
costovetebral-transversal.
Gerak spine selalu simultan bbrp segment
gerak.
Arthrokinematic spine tidak sama dgn
sendi perifer.
Sugijanto, 2016
Temu 2 Assessment and
intervension
Oleh: Sugijanto
Sugijanto, 2016
PROSES FISIO-MANUALTERAPI
ASESSMENT
DIAGNOSE
PLANNING
INTERVENTION
REEVALUATION
Sugijanto, 2016
Manual Therapy Assessment Thestructure
HOAC is a tool to
YOUR
clincal reosanig
Sugijanto, 2016
Red flag for
thoracic spine
Sugijanto, 2016
Sugijanto, 2016
Red
flag
Sugijanto, 2016
L B P MEDICAL SCREENING QUESTIONAIR
No
1 Have you recently had a major trauma, such as a vehicle accident or a fall from a
height?
2 Have you ever had a medical practitioner tell you that you have osteoporosis?
3 Do you have a history of cancer?
4 Does your pain ease when you rest in a comfortable position?
5 Have you recently had a fever?
6 Have you recently lost weight even though you have not been attempting to eat less
or exercise more?
7 Have you recently taken antibiotics or other medicines for an infection?
8 Are you currently taking steroids or have you been on prolonged steroid therapy?
9 Have you been diagnosed with an immunosuppressive disorder?
10 Have you noticed a recent onset of difficulty with retaining your urine?
11 Have you noticed a recent need to urinate more frequently?
12 Have you noticed a recent onset of numbness in the area of your bottom where you
would sit on a bicycle seat?
13 Have you recently noticed your legs becoming weak while walking or climbing
stairs? Sugijanto, 2016
PROSES ASSESSMENT MANUALTERAPI
ANAMNESIS R/sementara
INSPECTION R/sementara
QUICK TEST R/sementara
PEMERIKSAAN FUNGSI GERAK DASAR
◦ Active R/sementara
◦ Passive R/sementara
◦ Isometric R/sementara
PEMERIKSAAN KHUSUS R/sementara
DATA medik/ profesi kesehatan lain R/sementara
R/ akhir sbg diagnosis manualterapi
Sugijanto, 2016
Nyeri bahu dan lengan impingement syndrome
Ha: Shoulder Keluhan nyeri area deltoid,
terutama angkat lengan, crepitasi. Ganti hipotesis
Impingement syndrome
tdk
Ya
Pada tes abduksi elevasi tampak Ganti hipotesis
paiful arc humeroscapular rhythm, tdk
Ya
H5-7 Penyebab
EXTERNAL SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT
impingement
Superior capsule
Scapulothoracal Glenohumeral
contracture penyebab
dyskinetic instability
impingement
Ya Tdk
Patologi serius/
Inspeksi Posisi sendi:
Red flag?
Tdk
Ya
Duchene gait; Posisi Tengkurap,
ALGORITMA
Tes Cepat: rotasi internal terbatas
PEMERIKSAAN
Ya FISIOTERAPI PADA
:Nyeri & terbatas (rotasi internal <
Test Gerak Pasif abduksi < Fleksi dengan Elastic -
Firm End Feel)? Tdk
Muskular?
CAPSULAR PATTERN
Ya Isometric test dan
HYPOMOBILITY SENDI
Joint Play Movement (Nyeri, Elastic - Firm palpasi PANGGUL AKIBAT OSTEO
Tes khusus End Feel), Traksi pembatasan ROM abduksi,
rotasi internal dan rotasi eksternal ARTRITIS
Penunjang: X-Ray
Penunjang: X-Ray
Ya Ya
Ya
Palpasi: nyeri fascia plantaris Spike bone (osteofit) Instability
Ya Ya Ya
Kelemahan otot
Nyeri dan Elastic end feel
Nyeri kompresi calcaneal spur stabilizator
Muscle weakness
Problema:
Body structure impairment:
Body function impairment
Sugijanto, 2016
ANAMNESIS ALG0RITHM
Sugijanto,
INSPEKSI
Dymanic
Static
◦ Total
◦ Quadrant
◦ Segmental
◦ Local
Perhatikan:
◦ Posisi,
◦ Bentuk,
◦ Warna kulit/luka
◦ Konsistensi
Sugijanto, 2016
TES ORIENTASI
TEMPORO MANDIBULAR JOINT:
depression & elevation
CERVICAL SPINE: Flexion-extension & 3
dimention extension
LUMBAR SPINE: Flexion-extension in
standing
Shoulder complex: Abduksi-elevasi
Elbow joint: Fleksi-supinasi dan ekstensi-
pronasi.
Wris and hand: fleksi dan ekstensi total.
Hip joint: Gait analysis, Squat and bouncing,
rotasi internal.
Knee joint: Gait analysis, Squat and bouncing,
fleksi – ekstensi.
Ankle and foot Gait analysis, Squat and
bouncing, hell off - toes off - inversi-eversi
Sugijanto, 2016
REGIONAL SCREENING
Provokasi spesifik
Lumbar spine Thoracic spine Sacroiliac joint Hip joint Piriformis syn
Lumbar spine
muscles Capsules
disc
Blockade
osteofit Myofascial
adhesion Micro
circulation
iritasi radix
tightness
Thoracic spine
muscles Capsules
Blockade
osteofit Myofascial
adhesion Micro
circulation
tightness
Sacroiliac joint
Capsules ligament
Blockade
Contracture
nyeri lokal/
referal
Hip joint
Capsules
Muscle
contracture
Loose body
blockade
calcification
nyeri lokal/
referal
Sugijanto, 2016
Analisis NECK ARM PAIN
patologi
muscles tendomuscl
disc Capsules Glenohumeral Positional
fault
Joint surface neurovege costovert bursae
facet & uncinate e
Inflamasi muscle
Myofascial Blockade tightness
osteofit adhesion
Micro Contracture Capsulo-lig
circulation contracture
iritasi radix
tightness
calcification brachial nerve
Iritasi Jar ischemic hipertone
sensitif entrapment
nyeri lokal/
tight contract referal nerve ischemic
Radicular Pseudo fibrosis
pain radicular
Cervical spine
Sugijanto, 2016
PEMILAHAN BILA KELUHAN
BERASAL DARI CERVICAL SPINE
Gerak aktif kemudian ditambahkan
‘over pressure’
Fleksi-ekstensi cervical posisi duduk
tegak
3 dimensi ekstensi kanan-kiri
cervical posisi duduk tegak
Tes positif bila keluhan nyeri leher-
lengan ter provokasi oleh gerak
cervical tersebut
Sugijanto, 2016
NECK ARM PAIN
Thoracic spine
muscles Capsules
Sugijanto, 2016
PEMILAHAN BILA KELUHAN
BERASAL DARI THORACAL SPINE
Shoulder
muscles tendomuscl
Capsules Glenohumeral
neurovege bursae
Inflamasi
Myofascial Blockade
adhesion
Micro Contracture
circulation
tightness
calcification
ischemic hipertone
nyeri lokal/
tight contract referal
fibrosis
Sugijanto, 2016
PEMILAHAN BILA KELUHAN
BERASAL DARI SHOULDER
COMPLEX
Gerak abduksi-elevasi dalam
ritme/lingkup tertentu keluhan nyeri
leher-lengan ter provokasi
Pada posisi abduksi bahu dimana
terprovokasi keluhannya, kemudian
dilakukan ‘over pressure caput humeri
kearah superior (impingement), kearah
anterior (instabilisasi) atau kearah
rotasi eksterna (frozen)
Tes positif bila keluhan nyeri leher-
lengan ter provokasi oleh gerak
Sugijanto, 2016
NECK ARM PAIN
Thoracic outlet
tendomuscl
Positional
fault
Inflamasi muscle
tightness
Capsulo-lig
contracture
Sugijanto, 2016
PEMILAHAN BILA KELUHAN
BERASAL DARI THORACIC
OUTLET
Lengan diberikan posisi dimana
keluhan terprovokasi
Kemusian dilakukan provokasi
dengan gerak retraksi dan
depresi shoulkder girdle
Tes positif bila keluhan nyeri
leher-lengan ter provokasi oleh
gerak shoulder girdle tersebut
Sugijanto, 2016
PENDALAMAN SETELAH REGION
SCREENING
Sugijanto, 2016
GAIT ANALYSIS
Cycles
Rhythm
Bearing
Wide
Stride
Sugijanto, 2016
HAND FUNCTION
Power grip
Prehension grip
Sugijanto, 2016
ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIVING
Feeding
Dressing
Personal hygiene
Toileting
Ambulation
Sugijanto, 2016
PEMERIKSAAN FUNGSI GERAK
DASAR
PEM. GERAK AKTIF
◦ Dalam bidang sagital, frontal dan
transversal
◦ Gerak fungsional
Perhatikan:
◦ Mobilitas, kekuatan, koordinasi,
sirkulasi dan persiapan gerak
Sugijanto, 2016
PEMERIKSAAN FUNGSI GERAK
DASAR
PEM. GERAK PASIF
Ditujukan pada
Sendi dan jar.
Lunak
Diperhatikan:
• Pain
• ROM
• End feel
• Sound
Sugijanto, 2016
PEMERIKSAAN FUNGSI GERAK
DASAR
PEM. GERAK ISOMETRIK
◦ Pd spine: posisi regang
◦ Untuk tendomuscular problems
◦ Hindari provokasi jaringan lain
Perhatikan:
◦ Pain & Strength
Sugijanto, 2016
VITAL SIGN
BLOOD PRESSURE
HEART RATE
RESPIRATORY
Sugijanto, 2016
TES KHUSUS
PALPASI
Menetapkan:
◦ lokasi,
◦ posisi,
◦ bentuk,
◦ tender point,
◦ konsistensi
Sugijanto, 2016
Low Back Maneouvre I
POSISI TERLENTANG
Hip flexion knee flex (SIJ) +
adduction & internal rotation
(Hip/ Piriformis)
Hip flexion external rotation
Patric’s test/kontra patric’s (Hip
joint)
Knee extension Kernig
(Hamtrings/Ischiadicus)
Sugijanto, 2016
Low Back Maneouvre II
SLR / Lasegue dan Contra Lasegue (Nerve root,
Ischiadicus)
Neri/Brudzinsky (Dural)
berurutan
Sugijanto, 2014
Low Back Maneouvre III
POSISI TENGKURAP
Hip extension knee extension
fiksasi pada tuber ischiadicum
(Hip Joint)
Hip extension knee extension
fiksasi pada sacrum (+Sacroiliac
joint)
Hip extension knee extension
fiksasi pada Lower thoracal
(Lumbar spain)
Sugijanto, 2016
TES KHUSUS
JOINT PLAY MOVEMENT:
◦ Untuk identifikasi problem capsuloligamentair
◦ Segmental test, traction-compression, gapping test,
◦ Pain, limited / over mobility, end feel
Sugijanto, 2014
TES KHUSUS
COMPRESSION & TRACTION
TEST
◦ Pain, radicular / pseudoradicular
◦ Kompresi pss fleksi: discus-corpus,
esktensi: facet bilateral, lateral fleksi:
facet unilateral/uncinatus.
◦ Traksi dilakukan sebaliknya.
Sugijanto, 2016
TES KHUSUS
PROVOCATION TEST
◦ Lokasi patologi Segmental, specific tissue
◦ Nyeri, referred pain, range, end feel
Sugijanto, 2014
TES KHUSUS
MUSCLE’S TONE & LENGTH
TEST
Sugijanto,
Sugijanto, 2014 2016
Neurodynamic test
SENSORIC TEST
◦ Jenis sensasi
◦ Area dermatome /
nervinal
Sugijanto, 2016
TES KHUSUS
REFLEX TEST
◦ Saraf terkait
◦ Myotome
Sugijanto, 2016
TES KHUSUS
TES KHUSUS LAIN:
◦ Joint Stability
◦ Balance
◦ Low back manouvre I dan II
◦ Valsava manouvre
◦ Tes vertebrobasiler insuficiency
◦ Tes TOS
◦ Dll
Sugijanto, 2016
DIAGNOSIS MANUALTERAPI
STRUKTUR JARINGAN SPESIFIK DAN
FUNGSI:
◦ Discriptive , Topography, dan Hystologi
◦ Fungsi spesifik
PATOLOGI
◦ IDC
PROBLEMA NEURO-MUSCULO-
SCELETAL-VEGETATIVE-MECHANISM
◦ Tissue & Functional impairment (Pain –
Sensoric, Posture, mobility, stability, dan
Vegetative reflex)
◦ Activities limitation
◦ Restriction of participation
Sugijanto, 2016
PROGNOSIS & DIF DIAGNOSIS
Prognosis sesuai diagnosis
meliputi: perkiraan perjalanan
sakit, hasil akhir, perkiraan
waktu.
Diferential Diagnosis:
Kemungkinan penyimpangan
diagnosis terdekat.
Perlu uji diagnosis: misal uji
intervensi.
Sugijanto, 2016
PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
Lumbar Spine End-range pain Acute low back End-range stretching to maintain
Mobility Deficits ROM limitations pain segmental ROM gained from
Other terms: Minimal/no manipulative procedures.
Ergonomic instruction, trunk &
“Facet Syndrome” previous history
pelvic girdle strengthening &
Mobilization of LBP stretching, as indicated, to prevent
Exercises future disabili
Lumbar Spine Symptoms Long history of Isometric mobilizations to
Stability Deficits reproduced with progressively normalize pelvic girdle symmetry.
Other terms: sustained end worsening Ergonomic cuing to maintain mid-
range lumbar and pelvic girdle
“Ligamentous range positions symptoms (i.e.,
positions.
Instability” Symptoms eased less tolerance to Proprioceptive training and
Stabilization with neutral end range trunk/pelvic girdle strengthening to
Exercises positions and positions – such improve ability to stay in mid-range
midrange as sitting) positions.
movements Taping or bracing as indicated.
Sugijanto, 2016
Body Function Critical Other Supportive Interventions
Label Impairmen Criteria
Lumbar Spine and Location of Difficulty with sitting Manual procedures, postures,
Related Lower Limb symptoms move and forward bending or exercises that centralize
Pain centrally with Multiple previous the symptoms.
episodes of LBP
Other terms: repeated lumbar Ergonomic cuing to maintain
(progression of
“Disc Derangement” extension or with “Ligamentous lumbar lordosis prevent
Extension Exercise, repeated lateral Instability”) peripheralization.
or trunk shifts Observable reduced Progress to treatment of
Specific Exercise lumbar lordosis – may underlying segmental
Group have lateral trunk shift instability
Lumbar Spine and Narrow band of Nerve mobility Dural and nerve mobility
Related Lower lancinating pain deficits with lower exercises as indicated to
Extremity Radicular Symptoms limb tension testing address the patient’s key
Pain reproduced with impairments
“Nerve Root SLR and/or slump Soft tissue and/or joint
Adhesion” or “Dural testing mobilization to areas of
Adhesion” potential spinal and
Nerve Mobility peripheral nerve
Exercises entrapments
Sugijanto, 2016
PROSEDUR INTERVENSI
FISIOTERAPI
Anatomic Impairment target:
◦ Topografik target
◦ Tissue specific target
◦ Specific impairment target
Kinetic Impairment target:
◦ Positional vault/Postural deformity
◦ Hypomobility/hypermobility/unstability
◦ Weakness/imbalance
◦ Movement incoordination
◦ Dll
Disability target
Sugijanto, 2016
ANALISIS PROGRAM
Penyebab I Penyebab lain
Strutur jar 1 dan Strutur jar 2 dan Strutur jar 3 dst dan
patologinya patologinya patologinya
Sugijanto, 2016
ANALISIS PROGRAM
Strutur jar 1 dan Strutur jar 2 dan Strutur jar 3 dst dan
patologinya patologinya patologinya
Laxity Hypermobile Passive test, Active (NM) stabilization Cidera sendi/jar ROM, End feel,
Active stab. exc. lunak stabilization
test
Unstable JPM, Active Passive stabilization Kelemahan otot ROM, JPM, dan
and passive Active stabilization exc. Cidera sendi/jar End feel
stab. Test lunak Stabilisasi sendi
Inflamation Pain, Nyeri Palpation, Tapping, bandaging. Iritation kulit Skala nyeri, fungsi
gerak Stretch test Transverse friction Cidera lokal
Sugijanto, 2016
INTERVENSION
MUSCLE MOBILIZATION
◦ Indikasi: spasm, tightness,
contracted, tendo-/myosis,
lymph&/venous edeme, muscle
adhesion, etc
◦ Direct manual stretch
◦ Contract relax & stretching
◦ Massage technique (transverse
friction etc)
◦ Otot spine terutama tonic
Sugijanto, 2016
INTERVENSION
Restrict
I
II Normal ROM
III
IV
manip
Sugijanto, 2016
PENGATURAN DOSIS FITT
ditentukan:
Jenis pendekatan: Waktu dan Frekwensi:
◦ Tissue specific ◦ Aktualitas patologi
impairment target ◦ Kronisitas
◦ Kinetic impairment ◦ Disabilitas
target
Intensitas:
◦ Aktualitas
patologi/impairment
◦ Tujuan intervensi
JOINT MANIPULATION
Indikasi minimal hypomobile dan
joint functional blockade
Grade IV or force grade IV
Strecht Slack
static/staccato/osilasi -- Pulse
Sering digunakan pada spine
(gapping manipulation)
Tdk harus bunyi klik
Sugijanto, 2016
INTERVENSION
TRANSVERSE FRICTION
Friction melintang serabut
jaringan lunak, jari tegak lurus
Pada ligament dan otot/tendon
◦ Counter irritation
◦ Improve Blood circulation
◦ To break adhesion
Sugijanto, 2016
INTERVENSION
VENOUS & LYMPH DRAINAGE
Massage:
◦ Effleurage, Strocking etc
◦ ke jantung / lymphatic nodes
Elevation;
◦ Untuk extremity
Bandaging
◦ Elastic material
Pumping exercise
◦ Exercise under pressure
Sugijanto, 2016
INTERVENSION: NEURAL
MOBILIZATION
Tentukan faktor penyebab patologi yang
dominan
Tetapkan tempat jaringan scr tepat.
Klasifikasi penyebab dan lokasi:
◦ Central sensitization (hasil dgn
manualterapi kurang baik cognitive
treatment)
◦ Denervation dgn defisit neurologis
(medikamentosa)
◦ Peripheral sensitization
◦ Musculosceletal pain convergence
Sugijanto, 2016
INTERVENSION Joint
stabilization
Passive stabilization
› Tapping, Corset, Orthosis
Active stabilization
› Postural corection
› Stabilization exc.
Sugijanto, 2016
MECHANICAL TRACTION
UNTUK MOBILISASI DISCUS
Sugijanto, 2016
MECHANICAL TRACTION UNTUK
MOBILISASI SENDI FACET
Sugijanto, 2016
PROPER BODY MECHANIC
Posisi tidur
◦ Gunakan alas tidur tidak keras, tidak terlalu lunak dan tidak
melengkung.
◦ Disc problems tidur pinggang tetap lordosis.
Bangun tidur: Pss telungkup lakukan ekstensi punggung dng cara push
up
◦ Facet problems tidur pinggang tetap datar.
Bangun tidur: pss terlentang, lakukan gerak memeluk lutut.
Memutar tubuh saat tidur
◦ Upayakan gerak tubuh atas dan bawah bergerak bersama.
Bangun dari tidur ke duduk:
◦ Posisi miring sangga tubuh dengan lengan kemudian duduk
Sugijanto, 2016
PROPER BODY MECHANIC
Posisi duduk
Pinggang bawah tetap lordosis. Ganjal
pada pinggang dipasang.
Positioning an office chair for back
support
Digunakan tempat duduk dengan back
support. Misal kursi untuk computer:
◦ Kursi dgn elbow supports untuk
menghindari strain pd leher.
◦ Lutut menekuk dgn sudut siku, dan gunakan
penyangga ujung kaki.
◦ Mata dpt menatap layar dgn posisi leher
lurus.
Sugijanto, 2016
REEVALUATION
Sugijanto, 2016
PENCATATAN
Identitas klien
Seluruh proses assessment dan diagnosis
Program terstruktur & terukur
Pelaksanaan prosedur intervensi beserta
metoda dan teknik
Reevaluasi bertahap
Reprograming pertahap
Discharge
Sugijanto, 2016
THANKS TO YOUR ATTENTION
Sugijanto, 2016