FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE

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INTRODUCTION OF FOUR STROKE ENGINE

 Engine:

An engine is motor which converts chemical energy into mechanical

energy
 Fuel/petrol engine:

A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in North America) is

an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run
on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.
 Four stroke engine:

A four-stroke engine (also known as four-cycle) is an internal

combustion engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes
which comprise a single thermodynamic cycle. A stroke refers to the
full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction.
 OTTO CYCLE

In 1862 a German engineer Nikolaus

Augustus Otto began experimenting
with different kinds of engines.

His first experiment was conducted on a 4-

stroke engine. 10 years later he introduced to
the world the Otto engine.

The 4-stroke engine consists of a 4-

stroke cycle better known as the Otto
cycle.
 OTTO CYCLE PROCESS
OTTO CYCLE
Each movement of the cylinder up or down the
cylinder
is one stroke of
the four stroke combustion cycle or Otto cycle.

The four stroke cycle consists of

- induction stroke
- compression stroke
- ignition/power stroke
- exhaust stroke

A single cycle requires two revolutions of

the crankshaft to complete.
 FOUR STROKE ENGINE

 Four stroke cycle engine s is working at completed four stroke of the

piston or two revoluation of the crank shaft it is called as four stroke
engine
 It is two types of valves is presented these are

 Inlet valve
 Exhaust valve
 Four stroke petrol engine working at the four types of stroke

 Suction stroke
 Compression stroke
 Power stroke or expansion stroke
 Exhaust stroke
 SUCTION STOKE

Suction Stroke (Intake) : During a suction stroke

the piston moves downward by the engine
crankshaft either by the momentum of flywheel
and or the electric motor or the starter motor.
During this stroke piston moves downward and
creates a vaccum inside the combustion chamber.
Inlet valve (Intake valve)
opens during this stoke allowing the air fuel
mixture to enter the combustion chamber. Here
the fuel is petrol mixed with air broken up into a
mist and partially vaporized in the carburettor
 COMPRESSION STROKE

Compression Stroke : During this stroke

piston moves upward and compresses the
charge. The heat produced by the
compression makes more homogeneous
mixture of air and petrol inside the
cylinder. This heat makes it easier to burn.
During this stroke both valves remain
closed.
 POWER OR EXPANSION STROKE

During this stroke the mixture under

compression is ignited by the spark that is
produced by a spark plug. The expansion of the
gases due to heat of the combustion creates a
pressure on the piston and the cylinder walls.
During this stroke piston moves downward.
Both valves remain closed during this stroke.
 EXHAUST STROKE

During this stroke the inlet valve remains closed

and the exhaust valve remains open. During this
stroke piston moves upward and pushes the burnt
gases out through exhaust valve. Only a small
amount of exhaust gases remain in the clearance
space which gets diluted with the fresh incoming
charge during a next suction stroke.
In this type of engine four strokes of piston are
required to complete the cycle.. Four strokes make
two revolutions of the crankshaft. Each alternative
revolution of the crankshaft has one power stroke.
A power stroke consist of above mentioned cycles.
 • Less fuel consumption.
• Thermal efficiency is more.
ADVANTAGES OF • More volumetric efficiency.
FOUR STROKE • Less wear and tear.

PETROL ENGINE

• More components.
• Separate valve mechanism is
required.
DISADVANTAGES • More cost.
OF FOUR STROKE • More complicated design.
PETROL ENGINE