IPS COLLEGE OF TECH.

AND
MANAGEMENT

PRESENTATION ON HYDRAULIC TURBINES

AND ITS TYPES
 Prepared by : ANKIT ARORA
 Enrollnment No :0928ME141015
Definition
Hydraulic Turbine is a prime mover that
uses the energy of flowing water and
converts it into the mechanical energy in
the form of rotation of runner wheel.
Also termed as ‘water turbines’.
Flow sheet of hydroelectric power
plant
Classification

 Based on hydraulic action of water

 Based on direction of flow
 Based on head of water and quantity of flow
 Based on specific speed
 Based on disposition of turbine shaft
 Based on name of originator (commonly used
turbines)
Based on hydraulic action of water

 Impulse turbine : One in which all the

energy of water is converted to kinetic
energy before the water strikes the vanes
of the runner wheel. This is done by
passing the flow through nozzle or some
guidelines. The runner is rotated by the
force of water and water passes over the
wheel at atmospheric pressure.
Ex- Pelton Wheel
Impulse Turbine
REACTION TURBINE……

 Reaction Turbine : Here, water

entering the runner wheel of the
turbine has both kinetic energy and
pressure energy that is total head of
water striking the runner wheel ,consist
partly of pressure head.
E.g- Francis turbine, Propeller turbine,
Kaplan turbine
Reaction Turbine (Kaplan Turbine)
Based on direction of flow

 Radial flow turbine : A radial flow turbine is a

turbine in which the water as it move along the
vane flow towards the axis of rotation or away
from it.
Radial flow turbine is of two types:
I. Inward flow turbine : If the flow of water is
towards the axis of rotation, its called inward
flow turbine.
II. Outward flow turbine : If the flow of water is
away from the axis of rotation , its called
outward flow turbine.
Radial Flow Turbine
 Axial flow turbine : Its the turbine in
which water enters the runner wheel
parallel to the direction of axis of rotation
of runner.
Ex- Kaplan turbine, Propeller turbine
 Tangential flow turbine : Its the turbine
in which water strikes the runner wheel
tangentially to the path of rotation.
Ex- Pelton turbine
Axial Flow Turbine
 Mixed flow turbine : It’s the
turbine in which the direction of
flow is partly radial and partly axial.
Water enters the blade radially and
comes out axially parallel to the
turbine shaft.
Based on head of water and
quantity of flow
 High head turbine : when head is above 250 m
Ex- Pelton wheel
 Medium head turbine : when head is between 60m –
250m
Ex- Francis turbine
 Low head turbine : When head is between 15-60 m
Ex- kaplan turbine
 Very low head turbine: When is head is less than 15m
Ex- Propeller turbine
Based on specific speed

Specific speed Types of turbine

10-35 Pelton wheel with one nozzle

35-60 Pelton wheel with two or more
nozzle, Multi jet pelton wheel
60-300 Francis turbine
300-1000 Kaplan turbine
Based on disposition of turbine shaft

 Turbine shaft may be either vertical or

horizontal. Pelton turbine usually have
horizontal shafts whereas the rest have
vertical shafts.
 Based on name of
originator
 Pelton wheel : Tangential flow impulse turbine
used for high head of water.
 Francis turbine : Inward flow reaction turbine
used for medium head of water.
 Kaplan turbine : Axial flow adjustable blades
reaction turbine used for low head of water.
 Propeller turbine : Fixed blades axial flow
reaction turbine used for very low head of
water.