Mitosis Meosis 2019
Mitosis Meosis 2019
1
MITOSIS
• Pembelahan dari 1 sel induk 2 sel anak yg identik (jml
kromosom sel induk = jml kromosom sel anak).
21
Meiosis
Terjadi penggandaan kromosom pada proses
interphase
Terdiri dari 2 meiosis
• Meiosis I ( 46 double kromosom---23 double
kromosom)
• Meiosis II (23 double kromosom ---23 single
kromosom)
Terjadi pengurangan jumlah kromosom
• Dari 1 sel induk (2n) menjadi 4 sel anak (1n)
• Terjadi di testis pada pria (Spermatogenesis)
dan di ovarium pada wanita (Oogenesis)
Mengapa terjadi Meiosis?
Dasar dari reproduksi seksual
Dua haploid (1n) gamet melalui
proses fertilisasi membentuk zygot
(2n)
Proses Fertilisasi
2n = 6
1n =3
24
Meiosis Forms Haploid Gametes
Meiosis must reduce the chromosome number by half
Fertilization then restores the 2n number
too
much!
meiosis reduces
genetic content
The right
number!
25
Meiosis: Two Part Cell Division
Sister
chromatids
Homologs separate
separate
Meiosis Meiosis
I II
Diploid
Diploid
Haploid
26
Meiosis I: Reduction Division
Nucleus Spindle
fibers Nuclear
Early envelope
Prophase I Late Metaphase
(Chromosome Prophase I Anaphase Telophase I
number I I (diploid)
doubled)
27
Prophase I
Called Synapsis
29
Crossing-Over
Homologous
chromosomes in
a tetrad cross
over each other
Pieces of
chromosomes or
genes are
exchanged
Produces
Genetic
recombination in
the offspring
30
Homologous Chromosomes During
Crossing-Over
31
Crossing-Over
Homologous pairs
of chromosomes
align along the
equator of the
cell
33
Anaphase I
34
Telophase I
Nuclear envelopes
reassemble.
Spindle disappears.
35
Meiosis II
Only one homolog of each
Gene X
chromosome is present in
the cell.
Sister chromatids carry
identical genetic
information.
Prophase Metaphase
II Telophase
II
Anaphase II 4 Identical
II haploid cells
37
Prophase II
Nuclear envelope
fragments.
Spindle forms.
38
Metaphase II
Chromosomes align
along equator of cell.
39
Anaphase II
Equator
Pole
Sister chromatids
separate and
move to opposite
poles.
40
Telophase II
Nuclear envelope
assembles.
Chromosomes
decondense.
Spindle disappears.
Cytokinesis divides
cell into two.
41
Results Gametes
of Meiosis
(egg & sperm)
form
Different combinations
of alleles for different
genes along the
chromosome
42
Variasi genetik pd meiosis
berasal dari:
1. Peristiwa crossing over
2. Susunan dan pemisahan kromosom homolog
yg tidak saling mempengaruhi : dgn
kemungkinan kombinasi 2n , n = jml haploid
– manusia n = 23, kombinasi 8.388.600
3. Peristiwa fertilisasi
– Setiap pasangan mpy potensi utk membentuk
70.368.744.000.000 zygot yg berbeda scr genetik