BASIC ORIENTATION AND

FAMILIARIZATION OF PROTECTED
AREAS MANAGEMENT AND
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
POLICIES AND ACTIVITIES

Ramel S. Espejo
Ecosystems Mgt. Specialist II
Staff, PAWCZMS
 Republic Act No. 9147
“Wildlife Resources
Conservation and Protection
Act” dated 30 July 2001

OBJECTIVES:
To conserve and protect wildlife species
and their habitats to promote ecological
balance and enhance biological diversity;
Republic Act No. 9147
“Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act” dated 30 July 2001

OBJECTIVES:
To regulate the collection and trade of wildlife;

To pursue, with due regard to the national interest, the

Philippine commitment to international conventions,
protection of wildlife and habitats; and

To initiate or support scientific studies on the

conservation of biological diversity.
Republic Act No. 9147….

SCOPE:
The Act covers all wildlife species found in
all areas of the country, including
protected areas under Republic Act No.
7586, otherwise known as the National
Integrated Protected Areas System
(NIPAS) Act, and critical habitats. It shall
also apply to exotic species which are
subject to trade, are cultured, maintained
and/or bred in captivity or propagated in
the country.
 Jurisdiction
Department of Environment & Natural Resources

1. Terrestrial Plant and Animal species;

2. Turtles (freshwater & sea) and Tortoises;
3. Wetland species, including but not limited to
crocodiles;
4. Waterbirds;
5. Amphibians;
6. Dugong
 Jurisdiction

Department of Agriculture (DA)

1. Declared aquatic critical habitats;

2. All aquatic resources, including but not
limited to fishes, aquatic plants,
invertibrates and all marine mammals
 Jurisdiction

Palawan Council for Sustainable

Development (PCSD)

Wildlife in the Province of Palawan

pursuant to R.A. No. 7611 (Strategic
Environmental Plan for Palawan)
 Wildlife
wild forms and
varieties of flora and
fauna, in ALL
developmental stages
(eggs, pupae,
seedlings), including
those which are in
captivity or are being
bred or propagated.
 Conservation and Protection
of Wildlife Resources
A. Collection of Wildlife
Use of appropriate & acceptable wildlife
collection techniques;
Least or no detrimental effects to existing
wildlife population & their habitat;
Indigenous people – for traditional use, not
for trade and shall not cover threatened
species.
 Conservation and Protection
of Wildlife Resources
B. Possession of Wildlife
person or entity must prove financial &
technical capability and facility;
obtained from legal source.

C. Collection and/or Possession of By-products

and derivatives
obtained from legal source
 Conservation and Protection
of Wildlife Resources
D. Local Transport of Wildlife, By-products and
derivatives
shall be authorized unless prejudicial to the
wildlife and public health
E. Exportation and/or Importation of Wildlife
subject to strict compliance with law, rules &
regulations
recipient is technically & financially capable
to maintain it
 Conservation and Protection
of Wildlife Resources

F. Introduction, Reintroduction or Restocking

of Endemic or Indigenous Wildlife

only for population enhancement;

subject to prior clearance from Sec/Council;
subject to a scientific study (bioecology);
conduct of public consultations.
 Conservation and Protection
of Wildlife Resources
G. Introduction of Exotic Wildlife

clearance from the Sec/Council;

not in protected areas & critical habitats;
subject to environmental impact study
focusing on bioecology, socioeconomic and
related aspects of the area;
Secure consent from local stakeholders.
 Conservation and Protection
of Wildlife Resources

H. Bioprospecting
means the research, collection and
utilization of biological & genetic
resources for purposes of applying the
knowledge derived therefrom solely for
commercial purposes;
 Conservation and Protection
of Wildlife Resources

Requirements:
• execution of undertaking;
• prior informed consent from concerned sector;
• If applicant is a foreign entity or individual,
active involvement of a local institution in the
research, collection & technological
development.
 Conservation and Protection
of Wildlife Resources
Economically Important Species
establish a list of economicaly important
species including a schedule & volume of
allowable harvest;
conduct of population assessment;
When the species become threatened,
allowed only for scientific, educational or
breeding/propagation purpose.
 Protection of Threatened Species

Collection
• only for scientific, breeding or propagation
purposes;
• only accredited individuals, business,
research, educational or scientific entities
Threatened and Exotic wildlife in the
possession of private persons must be
registered.
 Protection of Threatened Species
Conservation breeding or Propagation
shall be encouraged to enhance population in
its natural habitat;
shall be done simultaneously with the
rehabilitation and/or protection of the habitat
where captive-bred or propagated species
shall be released, reintroduced or restocked;
preparation of list of threatened species for
commercial breeding.
III. Commercial Breeding of Threatened
Species
Minimum requirements:
a. Proven effective breeding & captive
management techniques of the species;
b. Commitment to undertake commercial
breeding in accordance with section 17
(issuance of wildlife farm/culture permit, only
progenies raised, unproductive parent stock shall be
utilized for trade, subject to environmental impact
study)
 IV. Establishment of Critical Habitats

Designation outside the protected area where

species are found;
On the basis of best scientific data (endemicity/
richness, man-made pressures/threats, etc.);
Protection from exploitation or destruction;
Coordination with LGU & other concerned
groups;
Acquisition of area by purchase, donation or
expropriation, including usufruct, easement.
 Permits/Certifications/Clearances

Kind Period of validity

1. Wildlife farm or 3-5 years
Culture permit
2. Wildlife collector’s permit 1-3 years
3. Gratuitous permit 1year
4. Local transport permit 1-3 months
5. Export/Import/Reexport 1-6 months
Permit
 Management Authorities
(section 19)

A. Terrestrial resources
DENR-Protected Areas & Wildlife Bureau
(PAWB)
B. Aquatic Resources
DA-Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic
Resources (BFAR)
C. PCSD for Palawan
 Scientific Authorities
(section 19)
A. Terrestrial Species
DENR-Ecosystems Research &
Development Bureau (ERDB), UP Institute
of Biological Sciences, National Museum,
other agency designated by the Sec.
B. Marine & Aquatic Species
BFAR, UP Marine Science Institute, UP
Visayas, Siliman University, National
Museum, other agency designated by Sec.
 PROHIBITED ACTS
Unless otherwise
allowed in
accordance with
this Act, it shall
be unlawful for
any person to
willfully and
knowingly exploit
wildlife resource
and their habitat Turned-over Monitor Lizard
or undertake the from Central 911

following acts:
a. Killing and destroying wildlife species,
except in the following instances;
i. When it is done as part of the religious
rituals of established tribal groups or
indigenous cultural communities;
ii. when the wildlife is afflicted with an
incurable communicable disease.

iii. When it is deemed necessary to put an

end to the misery suffered by the
wildlife.
 iv. When it is done to prevent an
imminent danger to the life or limb of
human being; and
v. When the wildlife is killed or destroyed
after it has been used in authorized
research or experiments
b. Inflicting injury which cripples and/or impairs
the reproductive system of wildlife species;
c. Effecting any of the following acts in critical
habitat(s);
i. dumping of waste products detrimental
to wildlife;
ii. squatting or otherwise occupying any
portion of the critical habitat;
 iii. mineral
explorations and/or
extraction;

iv. burning;

v. logging; and

vi. quarrying;
d. introduction,
reintroduction or
restocking of wildlife
resource;
e. trading of
wildlife;
f. collecting, hunting
or possessing
wildlife, their by-
products and
derivatives;
g. gathering or
destroying of
active nest, nest
trees, host plant
h. maltreating and/or inflicting other
injuries not covered by the preceding
paragraph; and;
i. transporting of wildlife;
 Fines and Penalties

A. Killing and Destroying (a)

critical, endangered, vulnerable,

threatened, other wildlife species;
Imprisonment from 6-mos to 12-years;
Fine ranging from P10k to P1M.
 Fines and Penalties

B. Inflicting injury which cripples and/or

impairs the reproductive system (b)

critical, endangered, vulnerable,

threatened, other wildlife species;
Imprisonment from 1-mos to 6-years;
Fine ranging from P5k to P500k.
 Fines and Penalties

C. Effecting acts (dumping waste, squatting,

mineral exploration, burning, logging &
quarrying)
Introduction, reintroduction or restocking

Imprisonment of 1-mo. to 8-yrs.;

Fine of P5k to P5M.
 Fines and Penalties

D. Trading of wildlife (e)

critical, endangered, vulnerable,

threatened, other wildlife species;
Imprisonment from 10-days to 4-years;
Fine ranging from P200 to P300k.
 Fines and Penalties

E. Collecting, Hunting or Possessing (f)

Gathering or Destroying of active nest (g)
critical, endangered, vulnerable,
threatened, other wildlife species;
Imprisonment from 10-days to 4-years;
Fine ranging from P1k to P300k;
(f) if perpetuated thru inappropriate
techniques/device, impose max. penalty
 Fines and Penalties

F. Maltreating and/or Inflicting other injuries

Transporting

critical, endangered, vulnerable,

threatened, other wildlife species;
Imprisonment from 5-days to 1-year;
Fine ranging from P200 to P100k.
 Fines and Penalties

All wildlife, derivatives or by-products and

all paraphernalia, tools and conveyances
used shall be ipso facto forfeited in favor of
the government;

If the offender is an alien, he shall be

deported after service of sentence &
payment of fines.
 Deputation of Wildlife
Enforcement Officers (WEO)

NGO, Citizen’s group, Community Orgs,

other volunteers who underwent training;
Designation of WEO from PNP, AFP, NBI
and other law enforcement agencies;
WEOs have full authority to seize illegally
traded wildlife, arrest violators of this Act.
 Miscellaneous Provisions

Creation of Wildlife Monitoring Unit in

strategic air and sea ports;
Establishment of Wildlife Management Fund;
Establishment of National Wildlife Research
Centers and Rescue Centers;
LGU to initiate conservation measures for
endemic species & adopt flagship species as
emblems of conservation.
 What is CITES?
CITES (the Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora) is an international agreement
between governments. Its aim is to ensure
that international trade in specimens of wild
animals and plants does not threaten their
survival.