Compliance Evaluation Of BTS

as per
ICNIRP guidelines.
 Agenda
To understand methods of evaluation of a tower
(site) for compliance with radiation norms as per
ICNIRP.
 Background
DOT has instructed all operators to ensure that their sites are
compliant to ICNIRP norms of radiation and issue a self
certificate with proof of their method of verification within 15-
11-2010.
Corporate office has issued a draft for calling for EOI for
outsourcing
The cost of the meters for measuring radiation are around
Rs.30 lakhs per set.
Corporate office has authorised AP circle to initiate purchase
of the meters and TN will get 2 sets.
Our GM wants all DEs to issue compliance certificate for the
sites under them in progressive manner
Source of Materials
TEC has issued a test procedure vide
TEC/TP/EMF/001.01.SEP 2009
A supplement on test procedure is expected soon.
ITU web site has documents related to verifying
compliance which is being reproduced by TEC.
What is ICNIRP?

International
Commission on
Non
Ionizing
Radiation
Protection.
It is a body of independent scientific experts.
Non-ionizing radiation
Non-ionizing radiation refers to any type of
electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough
energy per quantum to ionize atoms or molecules;
that is, to completely remove an electron from an
atom or molecule. Instead of producing charged ions
when passing through matter, the electromagnetic
radiation has sufficient energy only for excitation,
the movement of an electron to a higher energy state.
 ICNIRP reference levels

Electric Magnetic
Power
Exposure field field
Frequency density
Type strength strength
W/sqm
V/m A/m
400 – 2000 MHz 3 f1/2 0.008 f1/2 f/40
Occupational
2 – 300 GHz 137 0.36 50
General 400 – 2000 MHz 1.375 f1/2 0.0037 f1/2 f/200
public 2 – 300 GHz 61 0.16 10

Where f is in MHz
EMF Exposure Zones
EXCEDENCE ZONE
Occupational limits exceeded

OCCUPATIONAL ZONE
Public limits exceeded

COMPLIANCE ZONE
COMPLIANCE CLASSES
Each source of radiation may be classified in to following
classes
1.Inherently Compliant : These sources produce fields
that comply with safe limit a few centimeter away from
the source. EIRP of inherently compliant source is 2W.
2.Normally compliant : Electromagnetic Field produced
can exceed safe limit, but its exceedance zone is not
accessible to public.
3. Provisionally compliant : Sites that do not meet the
requirement for normally compliance are considered as
provisionally compliant.
 Antenna Directivity Categories
Directivity Antenna Description Parameters
Category
1 Half-Wave Dipole
2 Broad coverage antenna such as those Vertical HPBW
used for wireless communication or Max side lobe amplitude
broadcasting Tilt
3 High gain antenna producing pencil Vertical HPBW
beam such as those used for point to Max side lobe amplitude
point communication or Earth stations Tilt
Accessibility categories

Accessibility category 1
Accessibility categories

Accessibility category 2
Accessibility categories

Accessibility category 3
Accessibility categories

Access. Cat. 4 a

Access. Cat. 4 b
 Methods for EMF evaluation
1.Calculation Method( EIRP/EIRP th)
 Site Can be certified as normally compliant if the value(EIRP/EIRP
th) found to be less than one at all points outside the exclusion area.
2.Electromagnetic Mapping by software simulation
3. Broadband measurement
 This method required if power density exceeding 30% of ICNIRP
level.
 Site can be certified as normally compliant if measured value is
within the 1% of ICNIRP reference level.
4. Frequency selective measurement
 This method required if broadband measurement value exceeds 1%
of ICNIRP level
Assumptions Made
Maximum dimension of antenna 2.45m
Vertical Beam width – 12 for 2G and 7.5 for 3G
Tilt – 8
Power per trx – 20W
Loss – 0
Gain of antenna – 18 dBi
Asl - -16dB (0.025)
Frequency – 890 MHz for 2G and 2152MHz for 3G
Minimum Height for Compliance
Configuration 2g Only 2g – 3g Combined
2/2/2 9
4/4/4 9 10
6/6/6 11 11
8/8/8 12 12
Minimum Distance for Compliance
Configuration 2g Only 2g – 3g
Combined
2/2/2 14
4/4/4 20 21
6/6/6 24 26
8/8/8 27 28
 If power density at any point is above 30 % of
ICNIRP limit, then the operator may conduct
broadband measurements before self certification.
Power density measurement
If EIRP/EIRP th is less than one then check whether power
density is within 30% of ICNIRP limits
Power density in far field,
S= (2.56/4π)F(θ)EIRP/(x2+(h-2)2)

Far field zone starts at distance Rf=0.5 D2/λ

where F(θ)is relative gain of antenna
D is maximum dimension of antenna 2.45m
λ is wavelength 0.337m
Rf = 9m
Other Conditions
If there is any site within 20 m we have to assume
them to be sharing site and calculate for combined
compliance using formula