Penelitian

• Penelitian  proses ilmiah yang mencakup sifat formal dan intensif

• Penelitian adalah penyelidikan dari suatu bidang ilmu pengetahuan
yang dijalankan untuk memperoleh fakta-fakta/prinsip-prinsip dengan
sabar, hati-hati serta sistematis (J Suprapto MA)
• Penelitian adalah pemikiran yang sistematis mengenai berbagai jenis
masalah yang pemecahannya memerlukan pengumpulan dan
penafsiran fakta-fakta (David H. Penny)
• Penelitian (menurut Kerlinger, 1986) : proses penemuan yang
mempunyai karakteristik sistematis, terkontrol, empiris dan
mendasarkan pada teori dan hipotesis.
• Penelitian adalah usaha seseorang yg dilakukan secara sistematis
mengikuti aturan-aturan metodologi.
• Penelitian  Art and science guna mencari jawaban terhadap suatu
permasalahan (Yoseph dan Yoseph, 1979)
• Penelitian: cara pengamatan/inkuiri dan mempunyai tujuan untuk
mencari jawaban permasalahan atau proses penemuan, baik discovery
maupun invention.
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Metode Penelitian
• Metode penelitian pada dasarnya merupakan cara ilmiah untuk
mendapatkan data dengan tujuan dan kegunaan tertentu.

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 Applied versus Basic Research

• Generates a body of
knowledge by trying to
Basic research comprehend how certain
problems that occur in
organizations can be solved.

• Solves a current problem

Applied faced by the manager in the
research work setting, demanding a
timely solution.

Research Methods for Business

© 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 3
Definition of Scientific Research

• Scientific Research focusing on solving problems and

pursues a step by step logical, organized and rigorous
method to identify the problems, gather data, analyze
them and draw valid conclusions there from.
Why Scientific Research?

• This research is not based on hunches, experience and intuition.

• It is purposive and rigorous.
• Enables all those who are interested in researching and knowing
about the same or similar issues to come up with comparable
findings when data are analyzed.
• Findings are accurate and confident.
• Apply solutions to similar problems – generalization.
• It is more objective.
• Highlights the most critical factors at the work place that need specific
attention to solve or minimize problems.
• Scientific Investigation and Managerial Decision Making are integral
part of effective problem solving.
• It can be applied to both basic and applied research.
Berpikir Ilmiah

Skeptik : selalu menanyakan bukti & fakta yg

mendukung pertanyaan

Analitik : selalu menganalisis setiap pertanyaan atau

persoalan

Kritik : selalu mendasarkan pikiran atau pendapat pada

logika & mampu menimbang berbagai hal secara
obyektif berdasarkan data, dan analisis akal sehat
Metode Ilmiah

1.berdasarkan
fakta

menggunakan
bebas dari
teknik
prasangka
kuantifikasi

menggunakan
menggunakan
ukuran
prinsip analisis
obyektif

menggunakan
hipotesis.
Hallmarks of scientific research:
Purposiveness

Parsimony Rigor

Generalizability Testability

Objectivity Replicability

Precision and
Confidence
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Hypothetico-Deductive Research
• The Seven-Step Process in the Hypothetico-Deductive Method

Identify a Define the

Develop
broad problem problem
hypotheses
area statement

Interpretation Data Data Determine

of data analysis collection measures

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Deduction and Induction

Deductive reasoning: application of a general

theory to a specific case.

• Hypothesis testing

Inductive reasoning: a process where we

observe specific phenomena and on this basis
arrive at general conclusions.
• Counting white swans

Both inductive and deductive processes are

often used in research.

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