Hydrogen fuel

rotatory engine

SAMIK RANJAN DAS-17/ME/065

SALMAN HAIDER-17/ME/066
SACHITRA SARKAR-17/ME/067
ROHIT SARAIWALA-17/ME/068
CONTENT
 Hydrogen
 Fuel
 Engines
 Rotary engine
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Hydrogen as a fuel
 Hydrogen

 Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it

does not naturally exist in its elemental form on Earth.
 Pure hydrogen must be produced from other hydrogen-containing
compounds such as fossil fuels, biomass, or water
 Current leading technology for producing hydrogen in large
quantities is steam reforming of methane gas.
 Engine that burns pure hydrogen produces almost no pollution.
Fuel
 Fuel is any material that stores energy that can later be extracted
to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner.
 Hydrogen fuel is an eco-friendly fuel which uses electrochemical
cells, or combustion in internal engines, to power vehicles and
electric devices
 It is also used in the propulsion of spacecraft. Potentially can be
mass produced and commercialized for passenger vehicles and
aircraft.
 ENGINE

RECIPROCATING ROTARY

INTERNAL EXTERNAL
COMBUSTION WANKEL
COMBUSTION

SPARK COMBUSTION STEAM

IGNITED IGNITED ENGINE
Rotary Engine
 The Rotary Engine has a very simple mechanism. It’s a motor design that utilizes
way less moving parts than it’s piston counterpart.
 Unlike Piston engines, Rotaries are almost immune to catastrophic failure. In a
piston motor, you can have a piston seize and cause all kinds of damage, but in
a Rotary motor, while the engine will lose power, it will continue to produce a
limited amount of power until it finally dies.
 As opposed to a piston motor which has a Compression and Ignition phase for
each cylinder, the Rotary does it all in one rotation of the triangle shaped rotor.
 Weight advantage: many conventional engines had to have heavy flywheels
added to smooth out power impulses and reduce vibration. Rotary engines
gained a substantial power-to-weight ratio advantage by having no need for
an added flywheel. They shared with other radial configuration engines the
advantage of a small, flat crankcase, and because of their efficient air-cooling
system, cylinders could be made with thinner walls and shallower cooling fins,
which further reduced their weight.
Why did they die?
The rotary engine is an engineer's dream. Smaller, lighter and simpler
than any piston engine
But there are major drawbacks. A Wankel engine doesn't burn fuel
nearly as cleanly or efficiently as a piston engine. That leads to dirty
emissions—a problem that's compounded by the way the engine
burns its lubricating oil. Also, the technical challenges of the rotary
engine eventually kept every major automaker away.
Why is it back & Why Hydrogen?

We are aware that in early future the world will suffer from the shortage of
conventional fuels. Pollution from these conventional fuels is causing the
global warming, ozone depletion this makes it essential to search the
renewable, pollution free alternative fuel. Hydrogen seems to be most
promising alternative fuel.
Hydrogen when burns produce clean energy. Hydrogen can be produce
easily. Hydrogen is lightest fuel and richest in energy per unit mass (120 700
kJ/kg). Petrol vapor creeps along the ground while Hydrogen goes up in
the air so it is relatively safe. Hydrogen can be stored as compressed gas,
liquid or by chemical bonding (i.e. Metal Hydride). Some alloys stores
Hydrogen at a higher density than pure Hydrogen even higher than the
liquid Hydrogen.
Hydrogen, like petrol, diesel and natural gas, burns well in internal
combustion engines. However, in Reciprocating engine during the suction
stroke if the Hydrogen is expose to the red-hot particle or spark plug and
pre-ignition takes place then it can burst entire fuel tank.
Solution to these problems is to use the Hydrogen in the Wankel rotary
engine, which has advantages like high power to weight ratio, extended
power stroke, and lesser moving parts. Rotor directly opens and closes
ports, so correct timing of intake and exhaust is maintain even at high
speed with flat torque curve. Vibration is very low because perfect
balancing is possible. Cooler combustion means fewer oxides of nitrogen.
Separation of combustion region from intake region is good for Hydrogen
fuel
PROPERTIES OF HYDOGEN FUEL
 The properties that contribute to its use as a combustible fuel are its:
• wide range of flammability
• low ignition energy
• small quenching distance
• high autoignition temperature
• high flame speed at stoichiometric ratios
• high diffusivity
• very low density
Working of hydrogen fuel rotatory
engine
These engines are actually similar to gas-powered motors in a lot of
ways. They both use a four-stroke design for intake, compression,
ignition, and exhaust, and both make the same sorts of sound.
Due to hydrogen’s low ignition energy limit, igniting hydrogen is easy
and gasoline ignition systems can be used. At very lean air/fuel ratios
(130:1 to 180:1) the flame velocity is reduced considerably and the use
of a dual spark plug system is preferred. Ignition systems that use a
waste spark system should not be used for hydrogen engines. These
systems energize the spark each time the piston is at top dead center
whether or not the piston is on the compression stroke or on its exhaust
stroke. For gasoline engines, waste spark systems work well and are less
expensive than other systems. For hydrogen engines, the waste sparks
are a source of pre-ignition.
Conclusion
 For hydrocarbon engines, lean operation also leads to lower
emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. As
more oxygen is available than required to combust the fuel, the
excess oxygen oxidizes more carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide,
a less harmful emission. The excess oxygen also helps to complete
the combustion, decreasing the amount of unburned
hydrocarbons. However, the difficulty associated with storing
adequate amounts of hydrogen can reduce vehicle range. A few
auto manufacturers have been doing some work in the
development of hydrogen-powered vehicles. A few auto
manufacturers have been doing some work in the development of
hydrogen-powered vehicles However, it is not likely that any
hydrogen-powered vehicles will be available to the public until
there is an adequate refueling infrastructure and trained technicians
to repair and maintain these vehicles.