UNITY

UNITY

• A characteristic of a good and effective

sentences, paragraph and compositions.
• It is the state or quality of being one.
• It also means consistency.
UNITY OF TENSE

Tense denote the time the action happens. It

may be SIMPLE TENSE, PERFECT
TENSE, PROGRESSIVE TENSE.

A writer must use the tense of the verb

which is suited to the time the action takes
place. When a writer uses the correct tense
of the verb, it means that hi readers will
understand idea at once.
UNITY OF TENSE

There are times when a writer feels to use

another tense of the verb. This is when there is
sequence of tenses.
When showing sequence of events, o not shift
in tense unnecessarily. How ever, it is
sometimes necessary if the sentence is a
complex or compound complex.
The tense of the main verb determines the
tense of the verb in the subordinate clauses.
UNITY OF TENSE

Examples:

• They are memorizing before they take the

test.
• The students will be studying hard until the
semester ends.
• She was smiling to everyone whomever she
met.
• The teacher had ben teaching when the bell
rang.
UNITY OF TENSE

Remember:

If the main verb is…… Then the subordinate

verb should usually
be…..
Present progressive Present
Present perfect progressive
Future perfect
Future progressive
Future perfect progressive
Present perfect past
Past progressive
Past perfect
Pat perfect progressive
UNITY OF MOOD

MOOD OF THE VERB

are classifications that indicate the
attitude of the speaker. Verbs have three
moods – the indicative, imperative and
subjunctive.
UNITY OF MOOD

You use indicative mood in most statements

and questions.
• He walks every day after lunch.
• Does he believe in the good effects of
exercise?
UNITY OF MOOD

You use the imperative mood in request or

commands. The imperative statements have an
understood subject of you and therefore take
second-person verbs.
• Sit down. ([You] sit down.
• Please take a number. ([You] please take a
number.
UNITY OF TENSE

The subjunctive mood is used in special kinds

of statements. The most common use of this is
in contrary-to-fact or hypothetical statements.
If something is likely to happen, use indicative.
If something is purely hypothetical or contrary
to fact, use subjunctive.
Examples:
If I were king, you would be queen.
If he worked, he could earn high wages.
UNITY OF TENSE

Remember:

NOT all “if” clauses use subjunctive mood. If it

is like to happen, use indicative.

Example:
If I study hard, I will pas the test.
If his fever continues to fall, he will recover.
UNITY OF TENSE

Remember:
Subjunctive verb is also used to express a
request, command or proposal.
The following verb requires subjunctive mood in
the subordinate clause:
Ask Insist Recommend
Determine Move Request
Propose Order Require
Demand Prefer Suggest
UNITY OF VOICE
ACTIVE VOICE
the subject performs the action expresses
in the verbs; the subject acts

Example:
• The dog bit the boy.
• Yonin will present her research at the
conference.
• Scientists have conducted experiment to test
the hypothesis.
UNITY OF VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE
the subject receives the action expressed in the
verb; the subject is acted upon. The agent performing
the action may appear in a “by the….” phrase or may
be omitted.

Example:
• The boy was bitten by the dog.
• Research will be presented by Yonin at the
conference.
• Expereiments have been conducted to test the
hypothesis. (By?......)
UNITY IN PERSON AND NUMBER

PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT

Pronoun- substitute for a noun.

Antecedent- the word, phrase or clause to
which a pronoun refers, understood by the
context.
UNITY IN PERSON AND NUMBER

A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in

three ways:

1. PERSON refers to the quality of being.

2. NUMBER is the quality that distinguishes
between singular (one entity) and plural
(numerous entities)
3. GENDER is the quality that distinguishes the
entities as masculine or feminine,
UNITY OF LANGUGAE

NONDISCRIMINATORY LANGUAGE is
language that treats people equally. It does not use
any discriminatory words, remarks, or ideas. It is very
important that the business writer communicate in a
way that expresses equality and respect for all
individuals.
Discriminatory language can come between
your message and your reader. Make sure your
writing is free of sexist language and free of bias
based on such factors as race, ethnicity, religion, age,
sexual orientation and disability
UNITY OF LANGUGAE

Use neutral job titles

Not: Chairman
But: Chairperson

Avoid demeaning or stereotypical terms

Not: After the girls in the office receive an order, our
office fills it within 24 hours.
But: When orders are received from the office, they
are filled within 24 hours.
UNITY OF LANGUGAE

Avoid words and phrases that unnecessarily imply gender

Not: Executives and their wives
But: Executives and their spouses

Omit information about the group membership

Not: Connie Green performed the job well for her age.
But: Connie Green performed the job well.

If you do not know a reader’s gender, ue a nonsexist

salutation
Not: Dean Gentlemen:
But: To Whom it may Concern:
UNITY OF LANGUGAE

In translating your thoughts, think English. Do not think in

Filipino. Do not translate literally (always). Never construct
a sentence with the combination of English and Filipino.

Examples:
Not Accepted: Punta me dyan sa house niu.
Accepted: Punta ako diyan sa bahay nyo.
Accepted: I’ll go to your house.

Not Accepted: San ka nagpark ng car?

Accepted: Where did you park the car?
Accepted: Saan ka nagparada ng kotse?