Kelompok 4 Mekanika Fluida - Fluidized and Fixed Bed (Revised Udah Paling Fixed BGT)
Kelompok 4 Mekanika Fluida - Fluidized and Fixed Bed (Revised Udah Paling Fixed BGT)
1
Soal Nomor 1
𝑚𝑝 = 3.6 kg
𝜌𝑝 = 3090 kg/𝒎𝟑
ρ = 1000 kg/𝒎𝟑
μ = 0.001 Pa.s
𝑑𝑝 = 748 𝝁m = 748 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 m
𝑑𝑣 = 0.0757 m
h = 0.575 m
Dengan asumsi partikel berbentuk bola
Ilustrasi
-∆𝑷 = 𝟏 − 𝝆𝒔 − 𝝆 𝑯 𝒈 + 𝝆. 𝒈. 𝑯
-∆𝑷 = (𝟏 − 3,156 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟓 )(3090 kg/𝒎𝟑 − 1000
kg/𝒎𝟑 ) 0.575 m 𝟗, 𝟖 𝒎Τ𝒔𝟐 + (1000 kg/𝒎𝟑 ×
𝒎
𝟗. 𝟖 𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟓𝒎)
𝒔
-∆𝑷 = 17412.15 Pa
8
(c) the superficial liquid velocity at
incipient fluidization
1
(d) the mean bed voidage at a
superficial liquid velocity of 1.0 cm/s
9
Kecepatan superfisial fluida
pada awal fluidisasi
1 Jawaban C
10
Persamaan Ergun :
Karena, keadaan awal fluidized bed = keadaan akhir fixed bed,maka 𝑒= 𝑒𝑚𝑓 , dan
persamaan dari fluidized bed dan fixed bed dapat disetarakan.
Ergun
−∆𝑃 (1 − 𝜺𝑚𝑓 )2 𝜇. 𝑈𝑚𝑓 1 − 𝜺𝑚𝑓 𝜌. 𝜺𝑚𝑓 2 Equation
= 150 + 1,75
𝑙 𝜺3 𝑚𝑓 𝑑2 𝜺3 𝑚𝑓 𝑑
Fluidized
Bed (1−𝜺𝑚𝑓 )2 𝜇.𝑈𝑚𝑓 1−𝜺𝑚𝑓 𝜌.𝜺𝑚𝑓 2 Fixed Bed
1 − 𝜺𝑚𝑓 𝜌𝑝 − 𝜌 𝑔 = 150 + 1,75
𝜺3 𝑚𝑓 𝑑2 𝜺3 𝑚𝑓 𝑑
(1−0,1126)2 0,001𝑃𝑎.𝑠.𝑈𝑚𝑓
1 − 0,1126 3090 𝑘𝑔ൗ𝑚3 − 1000 𝑘𝑔ൗ𝑚3 9,8 𝑚Τ𝑠2 = 150 +
0,11263 (748 𝑥 10−6 𝑚)2
1−0,1126 1000𝑘𝑔ൗ𝑚3 .(0,1126)2
1,75
0,11263 748 𝑥 10−6 𝑚
𝑼𝒎𝒇 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟔
11
Porositas unggun rata-rata pada
kecepatan superfisial 1.0 cm/s
1 Jawaban D
Diperoleh
Mencari Didapat Diperoleh Mencari
porositas
nilai Ga Re1 UcT nilai n
unggun (𝜺)
12
Mencari nilai Ga
𝒅𝟑 𝝆 𝝆𝒑 − 𝝆 𝒈
𝑮𝒂 =
𝝁𝟐
748 𝑥 10−6 3 (1000) 3090 − 1000 9,8
𝐺𝑎 =
0,0012
𝐺𝑎 = 8571,9
13
𝟐
Menghitung nilai Re’ dari 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑦𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝑮𝒂 𝒗𝒔 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝑹𝒆′ )
𝟑
2
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐺𝑎 = 3,756
3
log 𝑅𝑒 ′ = 2,01
14
15
Mencari UcT
𝑹𝒆′ 𝝁
𝑼𝒄𝑻 =
𝝆𝒅𝒑
(102,33)(0,001)
=
(1000)(748 𝑥 10−6 )
= 0,1368 𝑚Τ𝑠
16
Mencari nilai n berdasarkan penelitian Khan dan
Richardson (1989) untuk aliran transisi
𝟎,𝟐𝟕
𝟒, 𝟖 − 𝒏 𝒅𝒑
= 𝟎, 𝟎𝟒𝟑𝑮𝒂𝟎,𝟓𝟕 𝟏 − 𝟐, 𝟒
𝒏 − 𝟐, 𝟒 𝑫
0,27
4,8 − 𝑛 0,57
(748 𝑥 10−6
= 0,043(8571,9) 1 − 2,4
𝑛 − 2,4 0,0757
4,8 − 𝑛
= 2,32687
𝑛 − 2,4
3,32687𝑛 = 10,3844
𝑛 = 3,121
Mencari nilai e (porositas unggun) berdasarkan
penelitian Richardson dan Zaki (1954)
𝑼𝒄 = 𝑼𝑪𝑻. 𝜺𝒏
0,073 = 𝜺3,121
𝜺 = 0,433
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e) The bed height at 1 cm/s
1 f) The pressure drop across
the bed at 1 cm/s
19
1.e The bed height at 1 cm/s
−∆𝑃 = 19269.82 𝑃𝑎
21
Soal Nomor 2
A 10 m long vertical standpipe of inside diameter 0.1 m transports solids at a flux of 125
kg/m2s downward from a upper vessel which is held at a pressure 1 bar to a lower
vessel held at 1.5 bar. Therefore, in this equipment, particles move downward but gas
moves upward.
The particle density of the solids is 2700 kg/m3 and the mean particle size is 250 μm.
Assuming that the voidage is constant along the stand pipe and equal to 0.5 and that
the effect of pressure change on voidage may be ignored
Check wether the particles are moving in packed bed (fixed bed) flow or fluidized bed
flow and determine the direction and flow rate of gas passing between vessel.
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Illustrasi
0.1 m
Upper Vessel
= 1.0 Bar
10 m
Upartikel (-)
Lower Vessel
= 1.5 Bar
Ugas (+)
DIKETAHUI
H = 10 meter (panjang pipa)
d = 10 meter (diameter pipa)
𝑀𝑝 𝑘𝑔
= 125 (fluks massa partikel)
𝐴𝑡 𝑚2 𝑠
𝑝1 = 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1 × 105 𝑃𝑎 (tekanan atas vessel)
𝑝2 = 1,6 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1,6 × 105 𝑃𝑎 (tekanan bawah vessel)
𝜌𝑝 = 2750 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 (massa jenis partikel)
𝜌𝑓 = 1 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 (massa jenis udara)
𝑑𝑝 = 2,5 × 10−4 𝑚 (diameter partikel)
𝑒 = 0,5 (porositas)
𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 2 × 10−5 𝑃𝑎 𝑠 (diameter partikel)
ASUMSI
DITANYAKAN
∆𝑃 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
− =−
𝐻 𝐻
∆𝑃 1 − 1,5 𝑥 105 𝑃𝑎
− =−
𝐻 9𝑚
∆𝑃
− = 5555,56 𝑃𝑎ൗ𝑚
𝐻
b) Nilai pressure gradient dari keadaan
berfluidisasi
∆𝑃
− = −(1 − 𝜺) 𝑥 (𝜌𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙 −𝜌𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎 ) 𝑥 𝑔
𝐻
∆𝑃 𝑘𝑔ൗ
− = − 1 − 0,5 𝑥 2700 − 1 3 𝑥 9,8 𝑚ൗ 2
𝐻 𝑚 𝑠
∆𝑃
− = 13225,1 𝑃𝑎ൗ𝑚
𝐻
c) Membandingkan pressure gradient dari
keadaan berfluidisasi
∆𝑷 𝟏 − 𝜺 𝟐𝝁 𝟏 − 𝜺 𝝆𝒇 𝟐
− = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒍 + 𝟏, 𝟕𝟓 𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒍
𝑯 𝜺𝟐 𝒅𝟐 𝜺𝒅
𝑃𝑎 2
5555.56 = 48000 𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒍 + 7000 𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒍
𝑚
𝑴𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒌𝒆𝒍 = 𝟏 − 𝜺 𝝆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒌𝒆𝒍𝑨𝑯
𝑴𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒂 = 𝜺 𝝆𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒂 𝑨𝑯
Partikel Fluida
H
Ac
Ac (1-𝜀) Ac (𝜀)
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Mencari Upartikel (Actual Velocity)
𝑀𝑝 1 1
= 1 − 𝜀 𝜌𝑝𝐻 Menjadi satuan m/s yaitu 𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙
𝐴 𝑡 𝑡
𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑘𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 125 𝑘𝑔/𝑚2 𝑠
𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙 = 𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙 = = 0.0925 m/s
𝜌𝑝 1 − 𝜀 2700𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 (1 − 0,5)
35
Mencari Ufluida (U gas)
𝒖𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟔𝟑 𝒎Τ𝒔
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Flow rate gas ?
𝑴𝒇 = 𝑨𝑼𝒇 𝝆𝒇 𝜺
Jadi flow rate gas yang dibutuhkan adalah 8.0972 x 10-4 kg/s.
dimana gas mengalir dari vessel bagian bawah ke vessel bagian atas.