Analisis Jurnal

“Religion and Scientific Literacy in the United States”

ADHA HUJATULATIF/033
PSn B 2019
IDENTITAS JURNAL
 Title
“Religion and Scientific Literacy in the United States”
 Author
Darren E. Sherkat, Southern Illinois University
 Publication
Social Science Quarterly, Volume 92, Number 5
Blackwell Publishing Inc., UK
Published Date : December2011
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2011.00811.x
Scopus quartiles : Q1
ISSN : 00384941, 15406237
 LATAR BELAKANG 1

• Scientific knowledge dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan yang proper

tentang kesehatan dan kesejahteraan, proses sipil dan politik yang berkaitan
dengan IPTEK. (Bybee, 2008; Cromley, 2009; Eisenhart, Finkel, andMarion 1996; Laugksch, 2000;Miller,1998;
Rutherford and Ahlgren, 2000).

• Sains dan teknologi semakin tunduk pada tekanan politik yang mempengaruhi
pada pedagogi, regulasi teknologi, keuangan yang mahal dalam pengembangan
sains dan kedokteran . Sebagai contoh baru baru ini, kontroversi pada kurikulum
sekolah, pemanasan global, sel induk yang telah mengemuka (Bybee, 2008; Lerner, 2000;
Reichhardt, Cyranoski, andSchiermeier, 2004; Skoog, 2005)\

• Literasi sains merupakan komponen yang krusial dalam sumberdaya manusia

dan pendidikan sains telah ditunjukkan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan ekonomi (Drori, 2003; Walberg, 1991)
 LATAR BELAKANG 2

• Penelitian-penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi sains di US

relatif rendah dan memprihatinkan (Baldi et al, 2008;. Bybee, 2008; Bybee, McCrae, dan Laurie,
2009; Cromley,2009).

• Sejak lama sainstis kurang religius daripada populasi pada umumnya dan
banyak sainstis memnyeimbangkan dengan komitmennya terhadap agama.
(Ecklund dan Park, 2009; Ecklund, Park, dan Veliz, 2008; Ecklund dan Scheitle, 2007; Faia, 1976; Gross dan Simmons, 2007, 2009; Larson dan
Witham, 1998; Lehman dan Shriver, 1968; Lemert, 1979; Leuba, 1916; Stark dan Finke, 2000)

• Telah terjadi dinamika konflik dan penyesuaian antara agama dan sainstis
• Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa baik Katolik dan Protestan
sektarian yang kurang terwakili di antara para ilmuwan dan profesor
universitas, dan sangat sedikit ilmuwan atau profesor memegang
keyakinan fundamentalis (Ecklund dan Scheitle, 2007)
 LATAR BELAKANG 3

• Peneliti kemudian ingin melihat bagaimana pengaruh agama

terhadap literasi sains menggunakan data General Social
Survey 2006.
• Peneliti berfokus pada
 Sektarian dan katolik dibandingkan dengan lainnya
 Fundamentalis dengan sekuler terhadap kitab agama Kristen
 TUJUAN
• Mengetahui bagaimana komitmen sekte Protestan dan
fundamentalis terhadap kepercayaan ineransi Bible
mempengaruhi literasi sains dasar
 KAJIAN PUSTAKA

• Ada banyak alasan untuk melibatkan faktor-faktor keagamaan sebagai

sumber penting yang potensial bagi literasi sains Amerika Serikat. Baik
Protestan sektarian maupun Katolik memiliki pandangan negatif terhadap
temuan-temuan ilmiah, dan para agamawan sering kali secara terbuka
menentang otoritas lembaga ilmiah dan pendidikan. Namun, oposisi publik
dan politik terhadap pedagogi ilmiah tertentu atau program penelitian
tidak serta-merta menyiratkan bahwa agamawan akan mengabaikan fakta
atau metode ilmiah dasar.
• Ada banyak alasan untuk curiga bahwa umat Katolik, sektarian, dan
fundamentalis akan meminimalisasi literasi sains. Tingkat literasi sains yang
rendah mungkin bukan hanya karena tingkat pendidikan, kerugian
pendapatan, etnis, atau segmentasi regional dan perumahan di wilayah
Selatan dan pedesaan.
 METODE PENELITIAN 1
Analyze data from the 2006 General Social Survey (N = 1,780),
which included a 13‐point examination of scientific facts and
reasoning. Ordinary least squares regression models are
estimated to determine the impact of religious affiliations and
beliefs net of other control variables such as race, gender,
education, income, region, and rural residence.
 METODE PENELITIAN 2a (Scientific Literacy)
Pertanyaan ujian yang dikembangkan GSS meliputi :
 (1)Understanding experimental control groups
 (2,3) Two questions about probability regarding disease in a brief vignette
 (4) Knowledge of the core temperature of earth
 (5) understanding that radioactivity is not simply manmade
 (6) knowledge of male determination of sex in human reproduction
 (7) understanding that lasers are light waves and not sound waves
 (8) knowledge that electrons are smaller than atoms
 (9) understanding that the earth revolves around the sun and not the other way around
 (10) that a revolution of the earth going around the sun takes a year
 (11) that the universe began with a huge explosion
 (12) that continents have drifted over time, and continue to move
 (13) understanding that antibiotics do not kill viruses

Ada sebuah pertanyaan tentang evolusi dihilangkan karene tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui
apakah ada faktor religi mendasari pemahaman ilmiah diluar kontroversi
 METODE PENELITIAN 2b (Scientific Literacy)
• Skala pertanyaan - perrtanyaan mendekati 1 menurut Miller (1998)
untuk mengukur Literasi sains
• A reviewer suggested that sectarians and fundamentalists might
answer the “big bang” question correctly by interpreting it through
the lens of their distinctive faiths; however, that should minimize
rather than augment their differences from others.
The scale has an alpha reliability of 0.73, and no single item
substantially influences the findings.
The scale approximates a normal distribution with a slight skew and
a mean of 8.4, a median and mode of 9, and a standard deviation
of 2.8.
METODE PENELITIAN 3 (Religious Identification and Beliefs)
Agama tidak diidentifikasi setiap agama. Namun, diidentifikasi dengan pertanyaan
yang mengidentifikasi kepercayaan kepada Alkitab
(1) “Alkitab adalah kata sebenarnya dari Tuhan dan harus dipahami secara harfiah,
kata demi kata”;
(2) “Alkitab adalah firman Allah yang diilhamkan, tetapi tidak segala sesuatu di
dalamnya harus diambil secara harfiah”;
(3) “Alkitab adalah sebuah buku kuno dari dongeng, legenda, sejarah, dan prinsip-
prinsip moral yang direkam oleh laki-laki.”
Jawaban responden digunakan sebagai indikator fundamentalisme agama
 METODE PENELITIAN 4 (Kontrol Variabel)
The multivariate analyses control for a host of demographic correlates, including:
• age (in years),
• education (0–20 years),
• income (1 = under $1,000 to 25 = over $150,000);
• race (African American = 1, others = 0),
• Latin- American ethnicity (yes = 1, others = 0),
• immigrant status (immigrant = 1, others = 0),
• region (South = 1, non-South = 0),
• rural residence (rural = 1, others = 0), and
• gender (female = 1, male = 0).
Descriptive statistics and full programs and data to replicate these analyses are
available from the author on request.
DATA HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 1
DATA HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 2
DATA HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 2
DATA HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 2
 SIMPULAN PENELITIAN

 Agama berperan memberikan efek negatif terhadap literasi

sains dengan kontrol pendidika, etnis, status imigran dan
pendapatan
 Agama lebih berpengaruh terhadap literasi sains daripada
jenis kelamin, etnis, atau pendapatan.
 REFERENSI
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Dst.
 KELEBIHAN KEKURANGAN
 Data lengkap  Pembahasan belum
dikaitkan dengan literatur
 Multivariat sebagai yang mendukung
pembanding dan kontrol munculnya data hasil
beragam , sehingga  Simpulan masih
mengambang (belum
sangat terlihat bahwa jelas), namun ini
Religiusitas seseorang dimungkinkan karena
sangat mempengaruhi topik yang diangkat
sensitif terkait dengan
literasi sainsnya keagamaan