ANESTESI
• Bedah obstetrik-ginekologi
• bedah urologi
Absolut
- pasien menolak
Relatif
- Infeksi sistemik
- kelainan neurologis
- kelainan psikis
- penyakit jantung
- hipovolemia ringan
Monitoring
- NIBP cuff
- Pulse oximetry
- EKG
- Capnography
Akses intravena
Agen anxiolitik/opioid
Meminimalkan kecemasan
Peralatan darurat : suction, agen induksi, pengobatan vasoaktif, peralatan saluran nafas lanjut
PATIENT POSITIONING
Lateral decubitus
Sitting
Jackknife position
ALAT DAN TEKNIK
Jarum
Pencil-point (Whitacre)
Approach
Excessive response to
Needle/catheter insertion Drug toxicity
appropriately placed drug
Inadekuat
High neural blockade Systemic toxicity
anestesi/analgesik
Transient neurological
Cardiac arrest Backache
symptoms (TNS)
Post durat puncture
Retensi urin Lidocaine neurotoxicity
headache
Neurological injury
Spinal hematoma