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Strategic Planning Tools

Pre-designed Models for Presentations


Contents

01 – Boston Consulting Group Matrix


02 – General Electric / McKinsey Matrix
03 – SWOT / TOWS Analysis Matrix
04 – Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies
05 – Porter’s Five Forces Model
06 – Ansoff Matrix

Strategic Planning Tools


01
Boston Consulting Group Matrix
The Growth Share Matrix

Strategic Planning Tools


BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

Stars
Question
Marks “ To be successful, a
company should have a

GROWTH
portfolio of products with
different growth rates and
Cash different market shares.
Dogs
Cows

4
SHARE -- Bruce Henderson, BCG’s founder ”
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

GROWTH

5 SHARE
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

High Low

STARS QUESTION MARKS

High
GROWTH
CASH COW DOGS
Low

6 SHARE
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

High Low

STARS QUESTION MARKS

High
GROWTH
CASH COW DOGS
Low

7 SHARE
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

Question
Stars
Marks

GROWTH

Cash
Dogs
Cows

8 SHARE
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

Make further
investments, either
Continue doing the
to maintain the
same things to
maintain the status HOLD BUILD market share of
Star, or make a
quo
Question Mark into
a Star

Sell off or withdraw


Utilize the cash Dogs so that HR
flow from a Star or and financial
Cash Cow to capital can be
reduce the burden HARVEST DIVEST invested in Star
of investment and and Question Mark
products and
maximize profits business units

9
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

Insert any title here


• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Question Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam
Stars • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Marks Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam

GROWTH
• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam

Insert any title here


• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Cash Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam
Dogs • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Cows Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam
• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam

SHARE
10
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has


Question meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
Stars forensibus usu cu impetus
Marks
tamquam te cum, eu eam

GROWTH
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has
meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
forensibus usu cu impetus
Cash tamquam te cum, eu eam
Dogs
Cows
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has
meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
SHARE forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam
11
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

SHARE
High Low
GROWTH

High Stars Question Marks

Low Cash Cows Dogs

12
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

Stars
Question
Marks “
Many “businesses” require

GROWTH
CASH USE
far more cash input than
Cash they can ever generate.
Dogs
Cows

13
SHARE
CASH GENERATION
-- Bruce Henderson, BCG’s founder ”
Source: The Boston Consulting Group, “The Experience Curve – Reviewed”, from www.bcg.com/
accessed at http://www.bcg.com/documents/file13904.pdf
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

Stars
Question
Marks “A few businesses generate

GROWTH
CASH USE
far more cash than they
Cash can profitably reinvest.
Dogs
Cows

14
SHARE
CASH GENERATION
-- Bruce Henderson, BCG’s founder ”
Source: The Boston Consulting Group, “The Experience Curve – Reviewed”, from www.bcg.com/
accessed at http://www.bcg.com/documents/file13904.pdf
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

Stars
Question
Marks “A few businesses are self-

GROWTH
sufficient in cash flow. Over

CASH USE
time they will become
much larger and also large
Cash net generators of cash.
Dogs
Cows

15
SHARE
CASH GENERATION
-- Bruce Henderson, BCG’s founder ”
Source: The Boston Consulting Group, “The Experience Curve – Reviewed”, from www.bcg.com/
accessed at http://www.bcg.com/documents/file13904.pdf
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

Stars
Question
Marks “ Most businesses, however,
generate very little cash even

GROWTH
CASH USE
thought they use little. The
reported earnings must be
reinvested and probably
Cash always will. These businesses
Dogs
Cows are “cash traps”.

16
SHARE
CASH GENERATION
-- Bruce Henderson, BCG’s founder ”
Source: The Boston Consulting Group, “The Experience Curve – Reviewed”, from www.bcg.com/
accessed at http://www.bcg.com/documents/file13904.pdf
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

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eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam tamquam te cum, eu eam

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis
dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu

GROWTH
cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta
eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam tamquam te cum, eu eam

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dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus
cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu

SHARE
17
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

HIGH MARKET SHARE LOW MARKET SHARE

FAST GROWTH MARKET FAST GROWING MARKET

GROWTH
HIGH MARKET SHARE LOW MARKET SHARE

SLOW MARKET GROWTH SLOW SHRINKING MARKET

SHARE
18
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
THE GROWTH SHARE MATRIX

BU
BU #1 #2

BU

GROWTH
#4
BU
#6
BU
#9
BU
#5 BU #10
BU
#7

SHARE
19
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
WORKSHEET 1

Stars Question Marks

High
GROWTH
Cash Cows Dogs

Low
SHARE
20 High Low
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
WORKSHEET 2 – 1/3
Relative Market
Market Share Growth Risk Level
STARS

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

CASH COWS

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

21
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
WORKSHEET 2 – 2/3
Relative Market
Market Share Growth Risk Level
QUESTION MARKS

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

DOGS

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

22
BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP MATRIX
WORKSHEET 2 – 3/3

Relative Market Share


High Low
High STARS QUESTION MARKS
• Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5
• Entry 6 • Entry 6
• Entry 7 • Entry 7
Market Growth

• Entry 8 • Entry 8
• Entry 9 • Entry 9

Low CASH COWS DOGS


• Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5
• Entry 6 • Entry 6
• Entry 7 • Entry 7
• Entry 8 • Entry 8
23 • Entry 9 • Entry 9
02
Invest Invest Protect

Invest Protect Harvest

Protect Harvest Divest

General Electric / McKinsey Matrix


The Multifactor Portfolio Matrix

Strategic Planning Tools


GE / MCKINSEY MATRIX
THE MULTIFACTOR PORTFOLIO MATRIX


Strong Medium Low

Invest /
High

Grow This matrix provides a

ATTRACTIVENESS
systematic approach for

MARKET
Selectivity
Medium

/ Earnings the multi-business


corporation to prioritize
Harvest / investments among its
Low

Divest
business units.


BUSINESS STRENGTH

25
Source: McKinsey, “Enduring Ideas: The GE–McKinsey nine-box matrix”, from www.mckinsey.com/
accessed at http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/strategy/enduring_ideas_the_ge_and_mckinsey_nine-box_matrix
GE / MCKINSEY MATRIX
THE MULTIFACTOR PORTFOLIO MATRIX

Strong Medium Low


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meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
Invest /
High

forensibus usu cu impetus


Grow

ATTRACTIVENESS
tamquam te cum, eu eam

MARKET
Selectivity  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has
Medium

/ Earnings meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius


forensibus usu cu impetus
Harvest / tamquam te cum, eu eam
Low

Divest
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has
BUSINESS STRENGTH meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam
26
GE / MCKINSEY MATRIX
THE MULTIFACTOR PORTFOLIO MATRIX

Strong Medium Low

Invest Invest Protect


High
Medium

MARKET
Invest Protect Harvest ATTRACTIVENESS

Protect Harvest Divest


Low

27 BUSINESS STRENGTH
GE / MCKINSEY MATRIX
THE MULTIFACTOR PORTFOLIO MATRIX

Strong Medium Low

Invest Invest Protect


High
Medium

MARKET
Invest Protect Harvest ATTRACTIVENESS

Protect Harvest Divest


Low

28 BUSINESS STRENGTH
GE / MCKINSEY MATRIX
THE MULTIFACTOR PORTFOLIO MATRIX

Strong Medium Low

High
Medium

MARKET
ATTRACTIVENESS
Low

29 BUSINESS STRENGTH
GE / MCKINSEY MATRIX
THE MULTIFACTOR PORTFOLIO MATRIX

Strong Medium Low

High Invest /
Grow
Medium

MARKET
Protect
ATTRACTIVENESS

Harvest /
Low

Divest

30 BUSINESS STRENGTH
GE / MCKINSEY MATRIX
THE MULTIFACTOR PORTFOLIO MATRIX

High
Invest Invest Protect

ATTRACTIVENESS
MARKET
Invest Protect Harvest

Protect Harvest Divest

Low
BUSINESS STRENGTH
31 High Low
GE / MCKINSEY MATRIX
WORKSHEET 1

High
ATTRACTIVENESS
MARKET
Low
BUSINESS STRENGTH
32 High Low
GE / MCKINSEY MATRIX
WORKSHEET 2

Business Strength
High Medium Low
High • Entry 1 • Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5 • Entry 5
• Entry 6 • Entry 6 • Entry 6
Market Attractiveness

Medium • Entry 1 • Entry 1 • Entry 1


• Entry 2 • Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5 • Entry 5
• Entry 6 • Entry 6 • Entry 6

Low • Entry 1 • Entry 1 • Entry 1


• Entry 2 • Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5 • Entry 5
• Entry 6 • Entry 6 • Entry 6
33
03
SWOT / TOWS Analysis Matrix
The Competitive Analysis Matrix

Strategic Planning Tools


SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX


Internal
Strengths Weaknesses SWOT analysis entails a distillation of
the findings of an internal and
external audit that draws attention,
from a strategic perspective, to the
critical organizational strengths and
weaknesses and the opportunities

External
Opportunities Threats and threats facing the organization

35
Positive Negative
-- Kotler and Armstrong, 2011 ”
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

Internal
External
Positive Negative
36
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

Internal
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

External
Positive Negative
37
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

Internal
Strengths Weaknesses

External
Opportunities Threats

Positive Negative
38
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

S W

Internal
Strengths Weaknesses

External
Opportunities Threats

O T
Positive Negative
39
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

S W

Internal
Strengths Weaknesses

External
Opportunities Threats

O T
Positive Negative
40
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

Internal
Strengths Weaknesses

S W
O T

External
Opportunities Threats

Positive Negative
41
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

Internal
Strengths Weaknesses

S W
O T

External
Opportunities Threats

42 Positive Negative
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

Characteristics
Characteristics of
that place the
the business or

Internal
business or
project that give Strengths Weaknesses project at a
it an advantage
disadvantage
over others
relative to others

Elements in the
Elements that environment that

External
the project could could cause
exploit to its
Opportunities Threats trouble for the
business or
advantage project

Positive Negative
43
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

• What advantages do we have?


• What could we improve?
• What do we do better than anyone else?
• What should we avoid?

Internal
• What unique or lowest-cost resources can we
• What are people in our market likely to see as
draw upon that others can't?
• What do people in our market see as our Strengths Weaknesses •
weaknesses?
Is our intellectual property outdated?
strengths?
• What connections and alliances should we
• What factors mean that you "get the sale"?
have, but don’t?
• What connections and alliances do we have?

• What good opportunities can we spot?


• What interesting trends are we aware of? • What obstacles do we face?
• What weaknesses in our competitors can we • What are our competitors doing / could do to
attacks? hurt us?

External
• Useful opportunities can come from such • Are quality standards or specifications for our
things as: job, products or services changing?
 Changes in technology and markets on Opportunities Threats • Is changing technology threatening our
both a broad and narrow scale position?
 Changes in government policy related to • Do we have bad debt or cash-flow problems?
your field. • Could any of our weaknesses seriously
 Changes in social patterns, population threaten our business?
profiles, lifestyle changes, etc.

Positive Negative
44
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

Insert any title here


• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.

Internal
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Strengths Weaknesses • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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Insert any title here


• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.

External
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Opportunities Threats • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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Positive Negative

45
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has


meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius

Internal
Strengths Weaknesses forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam
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External
Opportunities Threats tamquam te cum, eu eam
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46
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

Positive Negative

Internal Strengths Weaknesses

External Opportunities Threats

47
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX


Internal
Strengths Weaknesses
Strengths
internal capabilities that
may help the company

External
Opportunities Threats reach its objectives.

48
Positive Negative
-- Kotler and Armstrong, 2011 ”
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX


Internal
Strengths Weaknesses
Internal limitations that
may interfere with the
company’s ability to
achieve its objectives.

External
Opportunities Threats

49
Positive Negative
-- Kotler and Armstrong, 2011 ”
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX


Internal
Strengths Weaknesses
External factors that the
company may be able to
exploit to its advantage.

External
Opportunities Threats

50
Positive Negative
-- Kotler and Armstrong, 2011 ”
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX


Internal
Strengths Weaknesses Current and emerging
external factors that may
challenge the company’s

External
Opportunities Threats performance.

51
Positive Negative
-- Kotler and Armstrong, 2011 ”
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
THE COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS MATRIX

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eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam tamquam te cum, eu eam

Internal
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dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus
cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam

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eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam tamquam te cum, eu eam

External
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dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus
cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu

Positive Negative

52
SWOT / TOWS ANALYSIS MATRIX
WORKSHEET

Positive Negative
Internal
• Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5
• Entry 6 • Entry 6
• Entry 7 • Entry 7
• Entry 8 • Entry 8
• Entry 9 • Entry 9

External
• Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5
• Entry 6 • Entry 6
• Entry 7 • Entry 7
• Entry 8 • Entry 8
• Entry 9 • Entry 9
53
04
Porter’s Generic Competitive
Strategies
The Competitive Advantage Matrix

Strategic Planning Tools


PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX (ORIGINAL MATRIX)
Strategic Advantage


Industrywide
Overall Cost The generic strategies are
Differentiation approaches to outperforming
Leadership
Strategic Target

competitors in the industry; in some


industries structure will mean that all
firms can earn high returns, whereas
in others, success with one of the
generic strategies may be necessary

Segment Only
Particular
just to obtain acceptable returns in an
Focus


absolute sense.

Uniqueness Perceived Low Cost Position


by the Customer -- Michael E. Porter, 1980
55
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX (ORIGINAL MATRIX)
Strategic Advantage


Industrywide
Overall Cost The firm failing to develop its
Differentiation
Leadership strategy in at least one of the
Strategic Target

three directions - a firm that


Stuck in the Middle is "stuck in the middle" - is in
an extremely poor strategic

Segment Only
Particular
situation.


Focus

Uniqueness Perceived Low Cost Position


by the Customer -- Michael E. Porter, 1980
56
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX
Source of Competitive Advantage

Cost

Broad
Leadership
Differentiation The generic strategies are
approaches to outperforming
Competitive Scope

competitors in the industry; in some


industries structure will mean that all
firms can earn high returns, whereas
in others, success with one of the
generic strategies may be necessary

Narrow
Differentiation
Cost Focus just to obtain acceptable returns in an
Focus


absolute sense.

Low Cost Differentiation


-- Michael E. Porter, 1980
57
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

Source of Competitive Advantage

Broad
Competitive Scope

Narrow
Low Cost Differentiation
58
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

Source of Competitive Advantage

Broad
Competitive Scope

Narrow
Low Cost Differentiation
59
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

Source of Competitive Advantage

COST LEADERSHIP DIFFERENTIATION

Broad
Competitive Scope

COST FOCUS DIFFERENTIATION


FOCUS

Narrow
Low Cost Differentiation
60
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

Source of Competitive Advantage

Broad
Cost Leadership Differentiation

Competitive Scope

Narrow
Differentiation
Cost Focus
Focus

Low Cost Differentiation


61
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

Source of Competitive Advantage

Broad
Cost Leadership Differentiation

Competitive Scope

Narrow
Differentiation
Cost Focus
Focus

Low Cost Differentiation


62
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

SOURCE
Low Cost Differentiation
SCOPE

Broad Cost Leadership Differentiation

Narrow Cost Focus Differentiation Focus

63
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

Source of Competitive Advantage

Broad
Cost Leadership Differentiation

Competitive Scope

Narrow
Differentiation
Cost Focus
Focus

Low Cost Differentiation


64
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

Source of Competitive Advantage

Broad
Cost Leadership Differentiation

Competitive Scope

Narrow
Differentiation
Cost Focus
Focus

Low Cost Differentiation


65
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

Source of Competitive Advantage

Lower costs Distinctly


across a broad recognizable

Broad
range of Cost Leadership Differentiation positions across
product a whole range
offerings Competitive Scope of offerings

Competitive Unique and


cost leadership distinct position

Narrow
Differentiation
in a small Cost Focus in specific
Focus
cluster of target target
segments segments

Low Cost Differentiation


66
Source: LaChapelle, Neil (2008) “The Structure of Concern: A Challenge for Thinkers”
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX
Source of Competitive Advantage

Insert any title here


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Cost

Broad
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Differentiation •
Leadership Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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Competitive Scope

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Insert any title here


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Narrow
Differentiation Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam
Cost Focus •
Focus Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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Low Cost Differentiation

67
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX
Source of Competitive Advantage

 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has


Cost meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius

Broad
Differentiation forensibus usu cu impetus
Leadership
Competitive Scope

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 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has
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Narrow
Differentiation tamquam te cum, eu eam
Cost Focus
Focus
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has
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Low Cost Differentiation forensibus usu cu impetus
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68
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX
Strategic Advantage


Industrywide
Cost leadership requires aggressive
Cost
Differentiation construction of efficient-scale facilities,
Leadership
Strategic Target

vigorous pursuit of cost reductions


from experience, tight cost and
overhead control, avoidance of marginal
customer accounts, and cost
minimization in areas like R&D, service,

Segment Only
Particular
sales force, advertising, and so on.
Focus

69
Uniqueness Perceived
by the Customer
Low Cost Position
-- Michael E. Porter, 1980 ”
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX
Strategic Advantage

“ Approaches to

Industrywide
Cost
Differentiation differentiating can take
Leadership
Strategic Target

many forms : design or


brand image, technology,
features ; customer

Segment Only
service, dealer network, or

Particular
Focus


other dimensions.
Uniqueness Perceived Low Cost Position
by the Customer -- Michael E. Porter, 1980
70
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX
Strategic Advantage

“The entire focus strategy is

Industrywide
Cost
Differentiation
Leadership built around serving a
Strategic Target

particular target very well,


and each functional policy
is developed with this in

Segment Only
Particular
Focus mind.

71
Uniqueness Perceived
by the Customer
Low Cost Position
-- Michael E. Porter, 1980 ”
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX
Strategic Advantage


Industrywide
Cost The firm failing to develop its
Differentiation
Leadership strategy in at least one of the
Strategic Target

three directions-a firm that


is "stuck in the middle" - is
Stuck in the Middle
in an extremely poor

Segment Only
Particular
strategic situation.


Focus

Uniqueness Perceived Low Cost Position


by the Customer -- Michael E. Porter, 1980
72
PORTER’S GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MATRIX

Source of Competitive Advantage

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eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam tamquam te cum, eu eam

Broad
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis
dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus
Competitive Scope

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eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam tamquam te cum, eu eam

Narrow
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis
dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus dicta eloquentiam at. Eius forensibus
cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu

Low Cost Differentiation


73
05
Potential

Entrants

Industry
Competitors
Suppliers Buyers
Rivalry Among
Existing Firms

Substitutes

Porter’s Five Forces Model


Evaluating The Environment

Strategic Planning Tools


PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION – THE ORIGINAL MODEL

Potential Threat of new


Entrants entrants

Bargaining power
of suppliers

Industry
Suppliers Competitors Buyers
Rivalry Among Existing Firms
Bargaining power
of buyers

Threat of substitute
products or services
Substitutes

75
Source: Porter, M.E., "Competitive Strategy" (1980)
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION – THE ORIGINAL MODEL

Threat of new
Potential entrants
Entrants

Bargaining power
of suppliers
Industry
Suppliers Competitors Buyers
Rivalry Among Existing Firms
Bargaining power
of buyers

Substitutes
Threat of substitute
products or services
76
Source: Porter, M.E., "Competitive Strategy" (1980)
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION

Potential
Entrants

Industry
Competitors
Suppliers Buyers
Rivalry Among
Existing Firms

Substitutes

77
Source: Porter, M.E., "Competitive Strategy" (1980)
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION

Potential
Entrants

Industry
Competitors
Suppliers Buyers
Rivalry Among
Existing Firms

Substitutes

78
Source: Porter, M.E., "Competitive Strategy" (1980)
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION

Potential
Entrants

Industry
Suppliers Buyers
Rivalry

Substitutes

79
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION

Potential
Entrants

Industry
Suppliers Buyers
Rivalry

Substitutes

80
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION


Threat of new
Potential entrants

Entrants
The collective strength of
Bargaining power
of suppliers
these forces determines the
Suppliers
Industry
Buyers
ultimate profit potential in the
Competitors
Rivalry Among Existing
Firms
industry, where profit potential
Bargaining power
of buyers is measured in terms of long
run return on invested capital.
Substitutes


Threat of substitute
products or services

-- Michael E. Porter, 1980


81
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION


Potential
Entrants
The collective strength of
Industry these forces determines the
Competitors ultimate profit potential in the
Suppliers Buyers
industry, where profit potential
Rivalry Among
Existing Firms is measured in terms of long
run return on invested capital.

82
Substitutes

-- Michael E. Porter, 1980 ”


PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION

Potential Profitable markets


An assessment of how Entrants
attract new entrants,
easy it is for suppliers to
which erodes
drive up prices Industry
Competitors profitability

Suppliers Buyers
Where close substitute Rivalry Among
products exist in a Existing Firms An assessment of how
market, it increases the
likelihood of customers easy it is for buyers to
switching to alternatives
in response to price drive prices down
increases Substitutes

83
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION

Potential Insert any title here


Entrants • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam
• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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Industry
• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Competitors Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam

Suppliers Buyers
Insert any title here
Rivalry Among
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• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Substitutes Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam

84
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION

Potential  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has


Entrants meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
forensibus usu cu impetus
Industry tamquam te cum, eu eam
Competitors
Suppliers Buyers  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has
Rivalry Among
meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
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Substitutes  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has


meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
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85
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION


Potential
Entrants

New entrants to an
Industry
Competitors industry bring new
Suppliers Buyers capacity, the desire to gain
Rivalry Among
Existing Firms
market share, and often
substantial resources.

86
Substitutes

-- Michael E. Porter, 1980 ”


PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION


Potential
Entrants
Buyers compete with the
Industry
industry by forcing down
Competitors prices, bargaining for higher
Suppliers Buyers quality or more services, and
Rivalry Among playing competitors against
Existing Firms
each other -all at the expense
of industry profitability.

87
Substitutes

-- Michael E. Porter, 1980 ”


PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION


Potential
Entrants
Substitutes limit the
Industry potential returns of an
Competitors
industry by placing a ceiling
Suppliers Buyers
Rivalry Among
on the prices firms in the
Existing Firms
industry can profitably
charge.

88
Substitutes

-- Michael E. Porter, 1980 ”


PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION


Potential
Entrants Suppliers can exert
bargaining power over
Industry
Competitors participants in an industry
Suppliers Buyers by threatening to raise
Rivalry Among
Existing Firms
prices or reduce the quality
of purchased goods and


services.
Substitutes

-- Michael E. Porter, 1980


89
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
FORCES DRIVING INDUSTRY COMPETITION


Potential
Entrants
Rivalry among existing
competitors takes the familiar
Industry
Competitors form of jockeying for position -
Suppliers Buyers using tactics like price
Rivalry Among competition, advertising
Existing Firms
battles, product introductions,
and increased customer

90
Substitutes service or warranties.

-- Michael E. Porter, 1980 ”


PORTER’S FIVE FORCES
WORKSHEET 1

THREAT OF NEW ENTRY


• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

SUPPLIER POWER COMPETITIVE RIVALRY BUYER POWER


• Entry 1 • Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5 • Entry 5

THREAT OF SUBSTITUTION
• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5
91
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES
WORKSHEET 2

THREAT OF NEW ENTRY – COMPETITIVE RIVALRY – SUPPLIER POWER –


Low / Medium / High Low / Medium / High Low / Medium / High
• Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2 • Entry 1
• Entry 3 • Entry 3 • Entry 2
• Entry 4 • Entry 4 • Entry 3
• Entry 5 • Entry 5 • Entry 4
• Entry 5

THREAT OF SUBSTITUTION – BUYER POWER –


Low / Medium / High Low / Medium / High
• Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5

92
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES
WORKSHEET 3 – 1/3

Ability to
control Impact Level Risk Level
COMPETITIVE RIVALRY

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

93
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES
WORKSHEET 3 – 2/3

Ability to
control Impact Level Risk Level
THREAT OF NEW ENTRY

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

THREAT OF SUBSTITUTION

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

94
PORTER’S FIVE FORCES
WORKSHEET 3 – 3/3

Ability to
control Impact Level Risk Level
SUPPLIER POWER

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

BUYER POWER

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

95
06
Market Product
Penetration Development

Market
Diversification
Development

Ansoff Matrix
The Product-Market Growth Matrix

Strategic Planning Tools


ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX
Products


Existing
Market Product There are four basic growth
Penetration Development alternatives open to a business. It can
grow through increased market
Market

penetration, through market


development, through product
Market development, or through

New
Diversification
Development
diversification.

97
Existing New
-- H. Igor Ansoff, 1957 ”
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX

Products

Existing
Market Product
Penetration Development

Market

Market

New
Diversification
Development

Existing New
98
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX

Products

Existing
Market Product
Penetration Development

Market

Market

New
Diversification
Development

Existing New
99
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX

Products

Existing
Market Product
Penetration Development

Market Low Risk Moderate Risk

Market

New
Diversification
Development

High Risk Medium Risk

Existing New
100
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX

PRODUCTS
Existing New
MARKET

Market Penetration Product Development


Existing
Low Risk Moderate Risk

Market Development Diversification


New
High Risk Medium Risk

101
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX

Products

Trying to take a Extending


greater share of existing

Existing
Market Product
an existing products with
Penetration Development
market with an existing
existing product Market markets

Finding or
Creating new
creating new
Market product lines or

New
markets for Diversification
Development ranges for sale
existing
in new markets
products

Existing New
102
Source: LaChapelle, Neil (2008) “The Structure of Concern: A Challenge for Thinkers”
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX
Products

Insert any title here


• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.

Existing
Market Product Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam

Penetration Development • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam
• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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Market

Insert any title here


• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
Market Eius forensibus usu cu impetus tamquam te cum, eu eam

New
Diversification •
Development Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has meis dicta eloquentiam at.
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Existing New

103
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX
Products

 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has


meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius

Existing
Market Product
Penetration Development forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam
Market

 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has


meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
forensibus usu cu impetus
Market

New
Diversification tamquam te cum, eu eam
Development
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, has
meis dicta eloquentiam at. Eius
Existing New forensibus usu cu impetus
tamquam te cum, eu eam
104
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX
Products


Existing
Market Product Market penetration is an effort to
Penetration Development increase company sales without
departing from an original product-
Market

market strategy. The company seeks to


improve business performance either
by increasing the volume of sales to its
Market present customers or by finding new

New
Diversification
Development customers for present products.

105
Existing New
-- H. Igor Ansoff, 1957 ”
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX
Products


Existing
Market Product
Penetration Development
A product development
strategy, retains the present
mission and develops products
Market

that have new and different


characteristics such as will
Market improve the performance of

New
Diversification the mission.
Development

106
Existing New
-- H. Igor Ansoff, 1957 ”
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX
Products


Existing
Market Product
Penetration Development
Market development is a
strategy in which the company
attempts to adapt its present
Market

product line (generally with


some modification in the
Market product characteristics) to new

New
Diversification missions.
Development

107
Existing New
-- H. Igor Ansoff, 1957 ”
ANSOFF MATRIX
THE PRODUCT-MARKET GROWTH MATRIX
Products


Existing
Market Product
Penetration Development
Diversification is the final
alternative. It calls for a
Market

simultaneous departure from


the present product line and
Market the present market structure.

New
Diversification
Development

108
Existing New
-- H. Igor Ansoff, 1957 ”
ANSOFF MATRIX
WORKSHEET 1

Products
Existing New
Existing MARKET PENETRATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
• Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5
• Entry 6 • Entry 6
• Entry 7 • Entry 7
• Entry 8 • Entry 8
• •
Market

Entry 9 Entry 9

New MARKET DEVELOPMENT DIVERSIFICATION


• Entry 1 • Entry 1
• Entry 2 • Entry 2
• Entry 3 • Entry 3
• Entry 4 • Entry 4
• Entry 5 • Entry 5
• Entry 6 • Entry 6
• Entry 7 • Entry 7
• Entry 8 • Entry 8
109 • Entry 9 • Entry 9
ANSOFF MATRIX
WORKSHEET 2 – 1/2

EXISTING PRODUCTS Risk Level Investment


MARKET PENETRATION

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

MARKET DEVELOPMENT

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

110
ANSOFF MATRIX
WORKSHEET 2 – 2/2

NEW PRODUCTS Risk Level Investment


PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

DIVERSIFICATION

• Entry 1
• Entry 2
• Entry 3
• Entry 4
• Entry 5

111
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