“SNACK GENERASI KETIGA (3G)”

KELOMPOK 6
• Dodi Mardianto (1611121033)
• Amelia Hariry (1611122033)
• Mentari Cyntia Rifni (1611122060)
Apa Itu Snack Generasi Ketiga?
Snack merupakan makanan ringan yang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat dari segala kelompok
umur dari anak-anak hingga orang dewasa. Menurut Badan Standardisasi Nasional (2000), snack (makanan
ringan ekstrudat) merupakan makanan ringan yang dibuat melalui proses ekstrusi daribahan baku tepung
jagung dengan penambahan bahan makanan lain sertabahan tambahan makanan lain yang diijinkandengan
atau tanpa melalui proses penggorengan.

Snack telah diklasifikasikan ke dalam tiga kelompok yaitu:

1) generasi pertama yaitu produk konvensional tanpa melalui ekstrusi misalnya keripik kentang,

Section Break
biskuit panggang;

2) generasi kedua yaitu produk langsung mengembang;

3) generasi ketiga yaitu produk yang telah diekstrusi masih memerlukan pengolahan lebih lanjut
seperti penggorengan dan pengeringan.(Suknark, 1999).
 3G

Makanan ringan generasi ketiga (3G) disebut juga sebagai makanan ringan setengah jadi (half-
product). Artinya, makanan ringan jenis ini tidak dapat secara langsung dikonsumsi. Selain itu, produk
ekstrusi ini belum mengalami pengembangan seperti halnya pada makanan ringan generasi kedua. Jika akan
dikonsumsi, produk ini harus terlebih dahulu digoreng atau dioven agar mengembang. Setelah produk
dibumbui dengan berbagai jenis rempah-rempah dan kemudian dikemas dan dijual sebagai makanan ringan
siap saji. Snack juga dapat dibumbui sebelum ekspansi dan dijual sebagai pelet, untuk persiapan di rumah
(Sevatson dan Huber, 2000).
Karena stabilitasnya selama penyimpanan dan kepadatan massal yang tinggi, snack 3G memberikan
peluang untuk menghasilkan berbagai macam produk. Berbagai jenis bahan baku dan kombinasi bahan
dapat dimasukkan ke dalam produk (Huber dan Rokey, 1990). Bahan dasar yang biasanya digunakan adalah:
tepung (jagung, kentang, beras, gandum, oat, dll.), Pati (jagung, gandum, kentang, tapioka), shortening cair
dan monogliserida. Dimungkinkan untuk menambahkan rasa atau bahan-bahan yang mengandung nutrisi
seperti daging (udang, kepiting, ayam, sapi), bubuk sayuran atau produk sampingan dari industri makanan
(bubur bit, apel pomace, tomat pomace, dedak, dll.), Susu komponen (yogurt, keju, whey) atau rasa lain yang
akan menarik bagi pelanggan (pizza, ham, bawang, dll.).
 Formulasi Dari Snack Generasi Ketiga
Tekstur Keras, Renyah
92% Jagung giling
5% pati jagung Huber (2001)
0,5% Monogliserida
2,5% pemendekan cairan

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Lembut, Tekstur berbusa
55% Pati jagung
30% pati Gandum
Huber (2001)
14% tepung Tapioka
1% lesitin rusak
56% tepung jagung
27,5% tepung terigu
Moscicki (2011)
14% tepung Tapioka
2.5 Minyak nabati
7% tepung terigu
9% tepung beras
Moscicki (2011)
80% tepung Tapioka
13% Minyak nabati
1% Garam
Alasan penggunaan pati umbi-umbian (tapioka) untuk snack 3G
- rantai amilosanya lebih panjang
- kandungan proteinnya rendah.
- ukuran granula patinya sedang
- aromanya menarik
- berwarna putih
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Kandungan pati tapioka tinggi:

- suhu gelatinisasi rendah
- viskositas tinggi
- absorpsi air tinggi
- sifat ikatan-ikatannnya sangat baik
- kandungan lemaknya rendah bahkan tidak ada
 Gambara Proses

Produk makanan ringan generasi ketiga biasanya menunjuk pada produk setengah jadi atau pellet kerupuk
mentah, diproduksi dengan ekstruder dengan pemasakan dan hasilnya dikeringkan sampai kadar air yang stabil (9-
10%) untuk menjaga stabilitas selama penyimpanan. Selanjutnya pellet mentah ini akan dikembangkan melalui
media minyak goreng panas maupun media udara panas. Bahan baku yang dipakai kebanyakan dari pati dan
tepung-tepungan . Klasifikasi proses terbagi menjadi ekstruksi pembentukan dingin (40-70 °C, 60-90 bar) atau
ekstruksi pemasakan (130-180 °C, 120-250 bar). Jika menggunakan ekstruksi pembentukan dingin digunakan
tepung kentang atau pati lain yang sudah tergelatinisasi atau pregelatinisasi agar didapatkan pengembangan yang
optimal setelah pellet digoreng.

Pada ekstruksi pemasakan, bahan baku harus masak sempurna kecuali dipakai pati yang sudah mengalami
pregelatinisasi. Agar adonan masak sempurna maka kombinasi suhu, waktu tinggal adonan dalam daerah ekstruder
dan kadar air selama ekstruksi untuk membuat gelatinisasi sempurna harus optimal. Suhu pada ekstruder tergantung
dari bahan baku yang dipakai , konfigurasi ekstruder dan kondisi proses.
Ekstruder 3G
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