ELECTRO-

-MAGNETIC

GRO RADIATION

UP 8
What Is
Electromagnetic
Radiation?
• Electromagnetic (EM) radiation is a
form of energy that is all around us
and takes many forms, which are
radio waves, microwaves, X-rays and
gamma rays.
Characteristic of Electromagnetic Waves
1) Magnetic fields and electric fields have a
maximum and minimum price, at the
same time and place
2) It is a transverse wave
3) Experiencing reflection, refraction,
interference, diffraction and polarization
4) It has no charge.
5) Has a speed of 3 x 108 m/s in a vacuum
and is changing in a medium of different
density
 WAVE PROPAGATION SPEED
FORMULAS

c=λf

• c = speed of EM Waves • C = speed of EM waves in

• λ = wavelenght a vacuum 3 x 108 m/s
• f = frequency • Ԑ0 = 8,85 x 10-12 C2/Nm2
• µ0 = 4π x 10-7 Wb/Am
The Spectrum of
Electromagnetic Waves

• EM radiation spans an enormous

range.
• The EM spectrum is generally
divided into 7 regions.

• In order of
• decreasing wavelength
• increasing energy and frequency.
FREQUENCY WAV E T Y P E daily life usage
TYPE AND AND
FREQUENCY WAV E L E N G T H
WIDTH
Low frequency (LF) LONG WAVE -Remote communication
30 kHZ – 300 kHZ 1.500 m -Long Wave commercial radio
Medium frequency (MF) MEDIUM WAVE -Remote communication
300 Khz – 3 MHz
High frequency (HF)
300 m
SHORT WAVE
-Local medium
- Amateur radio communications
EM
3 MHz – 30 MHz 30 m And CB

Very high frequency (VHF) VERY SHORT WAVE

- Short Wave commercial radio
-Fm Radio
WAV
30 MHz – 300 MHz 3m -Air Craft communication
ES
Ultra high frequency (UHF) ULTRA SHORT WAVE Television
300 mHz -3 GHz
Super high frequency
30 cm
MICROWAVE Radar and Telephone
TABL
(SHF) 3 cm
> 3 GHz E
 1. RADIO WAVES
• Radio waves are at the lowest range of
the EM spectrum.
• Frequencies of up to 30 billion Hz, or
30 gigahertz (GHz), and wavelengths
>10mm (0.4 inches).

• Radio is used primarily for

communications  voice, data and
entertainment media.
 2. MICROWAVES
• Frequency about 3 GHz up to 30
terahertz (THz). Wavelengths of about 10
mm to 100 micrometers (μm).
• USAGE :
1) High-bandwidth communications.
Ex : Radio detection and ranging
(RADAR)
2) Microwave oven
MICROWAVES
FORMULAS
E Q U AT I O N S O N
RADAR

s = Radar to target distance

c = Rapid propagation of EM
waves
Δt = Time period
3. INFRARED LIGHT
• Infrared is in the range of the EM
spectrum between microwaves and
visible light. IR light is invisible to
human eyes, but we can feel it as
heat if the intensity is sufficient.

• Application in daily life:

1. Remote control
2. Medication purpose
4. VISIBLE LIGHT

• Visible light waves are radiation that

you can see with your naked eye.
• The different frequencies of visible
light are experienced by people as
the colors of the rainbow.

• Wavelength between 430 nm to

690nm
5. ULTRAVIOLET • UV waves are the cause of sunburn and
LIGHT can cause cancer in living organisms.

• High-temperature processes emit UV

rays, can be detected throughout the
universe from every star in the sky.

• With frequency range between 1015 Hz

to 1016 Hz (Short Wave).
6. X-RAY WAVES
• Wavelength between 0.03 and 3 nm--
not much longer than an atom.

• Emitted by sources producing very

high temperatures or energetic cosmic
phenomena such as pulsars.

• Commonly used in medication

purpose to imaging technology to view
bone structures within the body.
7. GAMMA RAYS
• The highest-frequency EM waves,
emitted by the most energetic cosmic
objects.
• Terrestrial sources are lightning,
nuclear explosions and radioactive
decay.

• Wavelengths are measured on the

subatomic level. Gamma rays can
destroy living cells.