1st and 3rd angle projection

By
Dr. Mahdi Damghani
What is a 1st angle and 3rd angle orthographic
projection???
Orthographic Projection requires you to draw each of the three
views of the object separately.

You have to project each view by imagining that you are looking at
900 to each plane in turn.

What you see is drawn on the plane behind the object. This will be
difficult at first but with practice it will become easier.

1stst angle 3rdrd angle

Where does the symbol for 1st angle and 3rd angle orthographic
projection come from???
Brief introduction to
BS8888???
A number of different standards have been developed within the last
century, one of which is British Standard (BS) 308 Ptt 1, 2 & 3. Like many
other standards, BS 308 has seen numerous alterations and revisions.

Considering the globalisation, it was essential to have a single standard that

was recognised internationally. Hence, the International Standards
Organisation (ISO) has combined and improved the individual standards
into one BS 8888:2004 Technical Product Document.

Kit 1 General Principles

Kit 2 Tolerances and Dimensioning
Kit 3 Computer Aided Engineering
Kit 4 Design Management
2004 Added Standards
“A series” paper size based on
BS8888???
A0 = 841 x 1189 (Area = 1m22)
A1 = 594 x 841
A2 = 420 x 549
A3 = 297 x 420
A4 = 210 x 297
Border and title block based
on BS8888???
Border is
Border is drawn
drawn 10mm
10mm in in from
from the
the edge
edge of
of the
the paper
paper extending
extending along
along all
all four
four
sides. Everything
sides. Everything inside
inside the
the border
border is
is deemed
deemed toto be
be part
part of
of the
the drawing
drawing and,
and, by
by
definition, is
definition, is part
part of
of the
the contract
contract requirements
requirements is is legally
legally binding.
binding.
Title Block
Title Block should
should be
be included
included at
at the
the bottom
bottom right-hand
right-hand corner
corner of
of the
the sheet.
sheet. It
It
includes all
includes all the
the information
information toto enable
enable interpretation,
interpretation, identification
identification and
and
archiving of
archiving of the
the drawing.
drawing.

Type of
Type of Drawing
Drawing (Gen
(Gen
Arrangement, Detail,
Arrangement, Detail, Title
Title
 Projection Symbol
 Projection Symbol
etc)
etc)

Name (Who
Name (Who produced
produced
the drawing)
the drawing)
Date (Revision
Date (Revision dates)
dates)
General
General
Tolerance
Tolerance Who does
Who does the
the
drawing belong
drawing belong to
to
Scale
Scale
Drawing Number
Drawing Number (ID
(ID
number)
number) Revisions
Revisions
The title block should not be more than 170 mm long
Scales based on BS8888???
Full Size 1:1
Reduction Scales 1:2 1:5 1:10
1:20 1:50 1:100
1:200 1:500 1:1000
Enlargement Scales 2:1 5:1 10:1
20:1 50:1

The size chosen depends on the size of the drawing sheet and the
part to be drawn. Scales should be large enough to permit easy
and clear interpretation of the information. 
 Drawing lines based on
BS8888???
Lettering and numbers based
on BS8888???
Line Description Usage

A Continuous thick Visible outlines and edges

B Continuous thin Dimensions, projections and leader lines, hatching,

outlines of revolved sections, centre lines, imaginary
intersections.

C Continuous thin irregular Limits of partial or interrupted views and sections.

D Continuous thin straight zigzas

E Dashed thin Hidden outlines and edges

F Chain thin Centre lines, lines of symmetry, trajectories and loci,

pitch lines and pitch circles.

G Chain thin, thick at ends or Cutting planes

changes of direction

H Chain thin with double dash Outlines and edges of adjacent parts, positions of
moveable parts, pattern lines.
Clarity, style, spacing and size are all important.
Numerals especially should be drawn clearly.
Generally capital letters should be used.

On any drawing letters and numbers should not be less

than 3 mm high.

When putting notes on drawings, always remember to

avoid clutter.