Bakteri-Klasifikasi, Sifat, Genetik
Bakteri-Klasifikasi, Sifat, Genetik
Penggolongan dunia
mikrooganisme
Ilmu yang berkaitan dan istilah
Komposisi
• Lipid [fosfolipid dan Umum Sangat jarang
spingolipid]
• Sterol Selalu Hanya pd mikroplasma
• Ribosom 80S=60S+40S subunit 70S= 50S+30S subunit
•Dinding sel Tidak ada atau dari Peptidoglikan dgn asam
selulosa muramat
Organisasi genetik
• Kromosom Banyak, diploid Satu lingkaran (+plasmid),
haploid
• Histon dan nukleosom Ada Tidak ada
• Perpasangan transkripsi Terpisah, pesan Berpasangan,
& translasi berlangsung lama berlangsung singkat
• Kolinearitis gen & produk Sering ada urutan penyela Ko-linear
Major features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
(From Marler M, Siders JA, Simpson AI, Allen SD: Mycology Image
Atlas CD-Rom, Indiana Pathology Images, 2004.)
Major features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
(From Marler M, Siders JA, Simpson AI, Allen SD: Mycology Image
Atlas CD-Rom, Indiana Pathology Images, 2004.)
SEJARAH
PERKEMBANGAN
MIKROBIOLOGI
Kuliah Mikrobiologi
By
Dra. Sy. Miftahul El J.T.M.Biomed
Generatio spontanea/abiogenesis
tumbang setelah Leeuwenhoek
[1632-1723] menemukan mikroskop
ANIMACULE
Louis Pasteur [1850] membuktikan
dengan memanaskan kaldu dalam
labu U
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
And his first microscope
Louis Pasteur
Robert Köch [1876] Postulat Köch
Phage Biotyping
typing
Phenotypic
Classification
of Bacteria
Antibiogram Macroscopic
patterns morphology
Serotyping
Identify bacteria consist of measuring the presence or
Biotyping absence of specific biochemical markers (e.g., ability to
ferment specific carbohydrates or use different
compounds as a source of carbon for growth; presence
of specific proteases, lipases, or nucleases; presence of
specific hydrolytic enzymes such as lipases and
nucleases).
Serotyping Many bacteria possess antigens that are unique, and
antibodies used to detect these antigens are powerful
tools for their identification
Whole cell
protein
analysis
Guanine
plus
cytosine
ratio
Chromoso Nucleic
Genotypic acid
mal DNA
Classification sequence
fragment
of Bacteria analysis
analysis
Ribotyping
Nucleic acid sequence analysis
used initially to determine the relationship
among bacterial isolates (i.e., to determine
whether two isolates were in the same
genus or species). More recently this
technique has been exploited for the rapid
identification of organisms by use of
molecular probes
1. Bulat/kokus/coccus
Bergerombol Staphylococcus
Berantai Streptococcus
Berpasangan Diplococcus
Bertumpuk empat-empat Tetrada
Berkelompok delapan-delapan
Sarcina
Bacterial morphologies.
Streptococcus sp
Sarcina sp, berkelompok delapan
Diplococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Batang/Basil/Bacil
Kokobasil/batang pendek gemuk Escherichia
Spt huruf cina Corynebacterium
Batang bengkok Vibrio