Basics of Internet, Intranet

and Extranet

“Everything is Connected to
Everything”

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 World of Connectivity

Wired or wireless communications

links offer several options for
information and communications.

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Source-
 Internet

It is a vast interconnection of computers that

connects computers across the world.
It is a "network of networks" that includes
millionsof private and public, academic, business,
and government networks (local or Global), linked
by copper wires, wireless connections, and other
technologies.
Internet is used for:
Access of Information
Communication

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 Application of Internet
Research
Education
Travel
Finding business, products and services
Marketing & sales
Love-finding people
Game and Gossiping
Advertising
Entertainment etc.

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 Feature of Internet

Complex network
Dynamic in nature
Internet covers globe
Wider application accessibility
Growing exponentially

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Resources required to Access
the internet
Hardware
A computer
Telephone connections or cable
connection
An external or internal modem
Network Infrastructure
Internet infrastructure from an ISP
Modem
Web browser and URL
Core/System software
An operating system
TCP/IP-Protocol
Common business service
infrastructure

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 Internet connection from ISP

ISP is an company who provides Internet

connections. e.g AOL or VSNL.
Two ways to connect to an ISP
Dial up connections
Direct connections

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 Internet components

Electronic mail (E-mail): electronic exchange of text messages and

computer files over a communication network such as LAN or internet.
Downloading:
Chat programs: send and receive messages instantly at free of cost.
Newsgroup: a group of users to focus on a topic of their interest by
exchanging their information.

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Internet components

Internet telephony: combination of hardware and software that allows a

user to approximate a telephone conversation over an internet connection
instead of using a traditional telephone system.
DNS server: Domain Name server- which converts text based addresses to
IP addresses. i.e URL to IP address
Remote Access:
File sharing:

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 Internet Related
Terminologies
World Wide Web (WWW): Storehouse of information, it is a collection of
several documents called web pages, which are interlinked with each other
using hypertexts.
WWW consist of
Web pages - Electronic document that stores the content of website.

Website – a set of interconnected web pages displaying related

information on a particular subject.

URL – the address of website on the internet.

Web browser – is a programme that can use to access a website on the

internet by specifying the URL of the website.

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Terminologies…

Internet Protocol address (IP address): Is used to identify a computer on

the Internet Uniquely.
Web browser: Is a software that enables the user to view web pages and to
jump from one page to another.
Browsing is Scanning of a database, list of files of interest just to observe
rather than changing information
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Provides the facilities to transfer large files of
computer program containing text, images, sound, movie etc. between
machines over the internet.

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 Search Engine

Websites that allows users to search information on the basis of keywords

or a combination of keywords.
Some popular search engines
www.google.com
www.altavista.com
www.infoseek.com
www.citehr.com
etc

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 Intranet

Internal Internet of an organization.

An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise.
Intranet is an organization's internal information system that uses Internet
tools, protocols, and technology.
The main purpose of an intranet is to share information within the
organization and computing resources among employees.

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 Applications of Intranet

Sharing of company policies/rules & regulations

Access employee database
Distribution of circulars/Office Orders
Access product & customer data
Sharing of information of common interest
Launching of personal/departmental home pages
Submission of reports

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 Extranet
Extended Intranet
A group of network which uses internet technology to connect business
partners, including suppliers, customers, distribution service providers or
any other businesses engaging in collaborative ventures.
A private network of linking branch offices or several cooperating
organizations located outside the walls of any organization.
“A network that links business partners to one another over the Internet by
tying together their corporate intranets”.

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 Firewall

A firewall is a security system designed to protect an organization’s network

against external threats.
Security device located between firm’s internal network (intranet) & external
network (internet).
A firewall is hardware, software, or a combination of both that is used to
prevent unauthorized programs or Internet users from accessing a private
network and/or a single computer.

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 Hardware vs. Software
Firewall
Hardware Firewalls
Protect an entire network
Implemented on the router level
Usually more expensive, harder to configure
Software Firewalls
Protect a single computer
Usually less expensive, easier to configure

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 Hardware vs. Software
Firewall

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 Comparison between…
Internet
Network of various networks
worldwide.
Information can be accessed
from anywhere, everywhere,
all time (24*7)days.
Every organization or
individual can keep
information on their websites.
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Intranet
An organizational network,
where communication is
established via internet & web
technology.
Only organizational information
is accessible from any location
on the network.
Information is restricted to the
particular organization only.
 Comparison between…
Internet Intranet

Trading is with untrusted Trading is with trusted

partners using internet. partners.
Security is a critical issue. It is more secured than
internet.

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 Comparison between
Intranet
An organizational network,
where communication is
established via internet & web
technology.
Only organizational
information is accessible from
any location on the network.
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Extranet
A group of network which uses
internet technology to connect
business partners-
customers(internal and
External)
It is extended intranet which
allows business
communication among trading
partners.
 Comparison between…
Intranet
Due to use of internet,
organizations reduce time of
communication, searching
information, effective
management of information
system.
Security is concerned but not
as critical as in extranet.
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Extranet
Extranet allows customers and
suppliers to gain limited access
to a company’s intranet to
enhance speed and efficiency
of their business relationship.
Business communication on
other intranet is established
from internet through a secure
solution.
 Domain Affiliations

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 Terminologies
Browser- A software tool that provides several navigation facilities to help users
do internet surfing easily and effectively. it is a software application that retrieves
web-pages or files on the world wide web. Web browsers are the programs that
allow users to call for and view information online.
Digital economy- digital economy is defined as economy based information
technologies including computers, internet, intranets & extranets.
Extranet- extended network, it Is private-private network between the defined
users of two or more organizations. Extranet allows interconnecting two or more
intranets using internet technologies.

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E-mail- electronic mail, a service on the internet that allows an internet user to
send a mail (message) to another internet user in any part of the world in a near
real-time manners.
Firewall- is a hardware or software solution that insulates a private network from a
public network using carefully established controls on the types of request they will
route to the private network for processing and fulfillment.
GPS-Global Positioning System, is a wireless system based on satellite
communication used to provide reliable positioning, navigation and timing services
to its users on a continuous basis worldwide.

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Hyper Text Markup Language- a powerful language used for creating hypertext
documents
Hyper Text Transport Protocol- The protocol that allows transfer of many
documents on the World Wide Web. This is the familiar http:// seen at the beginning
of many URLs
ISP- Internet Service Provider, an organization that maintains one or more gateway
computers and provides Internet access facility, to other users by allowing them to
connect their computers to its own gateway computer (s) by using modem

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Hacking- is a technique used by hackers who monitor e-mail, web server access
or file transfers to extract passwords or important access codes or steal network
files or to plant data that will cause a system to welcome intruders.
Internet- universal network, it is available and accessible all the time from any part
of the world.
Intranet- corporate internet meant for defined user of an organization. It is a private
network created for the community of the organization, which allowed them to
access organization data and databases using the browser from anywhere at any
time.
Portals- portals are always viewed as one stop solution for all needs or it is also
referred as shopping malls of online space.

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URL- Uniform Resource Locator, an addressing scheme used by WWW browser to
locate sites on the internet.
VPN- Virtual Private Network, is a network that uses a public telecommunication
infrastructure, such as the internet, to provide remote offices or individual users with
secure access to their organization’s network.
Web page- a hypertext document on the internet.
Web server- any computer on the internet that uses the HTTP protocol.
WWW- World Wide Web, network of computer across the globe interconnected
together on the internet, and using the concept of hypertext to link internet sites and
information on the internet.

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