

WELCOME
TO
OUR PRESENTATION
 PRESENETD BY

H.TANVEER –UL – HASSAN
&
ADNAN JABBAR
 
UNEMPLOYMENT

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 OUTLINES

 DEFINATION OF Unemployment
 Different type of unemployment
 Natural rate of unemployment
 Reason of unemployment
 Consequences of unemployment
 Solution for unemployment
 Calculation of unemployment
 Labor force

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 Definition

 Unemployment refers to the situation where the
people of a country do not find work to earn their
livelihood.

 OR

 Unemployment is situation when people want to do

job they are unable to find the job.

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 Types of unemployment

a) Structure unemployment

b) Seasonal unemployment

c) Frictional unemployment

d) Cyclical unemployment

e) Technological unemployment

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 Structural Unemployment

 Structural unemployment is when shifts occur on
the economy that crates a mismatch between the
skills workers have and the skills needed by
employers.
For example:
 When an industry fires machinery workers and
replaces them with robot

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 Seasonal Unemployment

 The seasonal unemployment arises because of the
seasonal character of a particular productive activity
so that people become unemployment during the
slack season.

 Example:

 Ice factory, sugar factory.

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 Frictional Unemployment

 Frictional unemployment exists when people are
temporarily out of work.
 In other words, the period in which a person quit
from one job and to find the other one is called
period of frictional unemployment.

 It occur due immobility of labor, shortage of

material, shortage of machinery and equipment etc.

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 Cyclic Unemployment

 In this case unemployment takes place in the depression
or recession phase of the business cycle is called cyclical
unemployment.

 It‘s caused by the contraction phase of the business cycle.


 That’s when demand for goods and services fall
dramatically, forcing businesses to lay off large numbers
of workers to cut costs. Cyclical unemployment tends to
create more unemployment

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 Technological Unemployment

 When there is automation or replacement of old
technology by the new one which needs less
workers, hence causing unemployment which is
called as technological unemployment.

 Technological unemployment occur because of

introduction of new technology in the production.

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 Underemployment

 It is the situation in which people are unable to find
the job according the their skills and experience,
hence willing to do job even lower level of education
and experience.

 E.g. a person has a Ph.D. degree but working a job of

a salesman.

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 Voluntary Unemployment

 Sometime people simply do not want to do any job,
Instead they want to remain unemployment.

 It’s the unemployment by the ones own will.

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 Causes of Unemployment

1. Increase in Population
2. Rural-Urban- Migration
3. Downsizing
4. Lack of Capital
5. Seasonal Variations
6. Technological Advancement
7. Lack of Skill and Work Experience
8. Lack of Education

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 Labor Force

 Labor Force. The number of people who are above
15 Or 16 years age are called as labor force.
Labor Force= employed + unemployed

 Not in Labor Force. A person who is not looking for

a job because he or she does not want to do a job.

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 Causes of Unemployment

1. Increase in Population
2. Rural-Urban- Migration
3. Downsizing
4. Lack of Capital
5. Seasonal Variations
6. Technological Advancement
7. Lack of Skill and Work Experience
8. Lack of Education

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 Solution for Unemployment

1. Establishment of Small and Medium Scale
Industries

2. Vocational and Technical Training Centers

3. Encouragement of Construction Industry

4. Internship Programs

5. Provision of easy credit

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 
THANK YOU