“Show me a people composed of vigorous, sturdy individuals, of men and

women healthy in mind and body, courteous, industrious, self-reliant,

purposeful in thought as well as in action, imbued with sound patriotism
and profound sense of righteousness, with high social ideals and a strong
moral fiber, and I will show you a great nation, a nation that will not
submerged, a nation that will emerge victorious from the trials and
bitter strife of a distracted world, a nation that will live forever,
sharing the common task or advancing the welfare and promoting the
happiness of mankind.”

Manuel L. Quezon: 1936

(Commonwealth President)
• The Dynamics of Educational Reforms in the
Philippine Basic and Higher Education Sectors
(a paper by Allan B. de Guzman)
• Past and Present comparison of number of HEIs,
their graduates, and board passers
• Enabler Recommendations over the years from
Elementary to Tertiary level
• CHED Programs for better education and efficient
growth and development of teachers and students
• STEM vs. STEAM
• The Philippines: Current Trends
(a paper by Bienvenido F. Nebres, S.J.)
• Expansion of tertiary level capacity
• System building and institutional
streamlining
• The shift of the cost of higher education
• More direct linkage between higher
education and industrial research and
development
• Adoption of more quantifiable measure of
performance
• Greater accountability to the central
government
• Extending public funding to the pre-school age group
• Central or national government influence on the school
curriculum
• Intensified emphasis on scientific and technological
subject areas
• Expanded use of standardized examinations and
centralized evaluation procedures to measure student
achievement and school performance
• Greater dependence on the central government to
collect, synthesize and report on the performance of
educational systems
• Greater autonomy to schools, thereby doing away with
traditional local educational governance
 EXTERNAL INTERNAL

Legislation Research Findings

Public Opinion National Testing
Education Studies New Leadership
Technological Accreditation
Advances
Societal Demands Cross-country
Evaluation
Available Funds
BASIC EDUCATION

• Increase in number of school days

• Increase in daily class time
• Increase study time for critical subjects

HIGHER EDUCATION

• Professionalization of teachers and teaching through the

creation of the National Teachers Board under PRC
• Creation of clear service paths for promotion and career
planning
• Improvement in teachers’ welfare and benefits
• Student Financial Assistance Programs
• Quality Assurance Projects
• COEs and CODs
• Faculty Development Program (FacDev)
• Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and
Accreditation (ETEEAP)
• Foreign Scholarship and Training Programs
• Research Development and Extension
• National Agriculture and Fisheries Education
System (NAFES)
• International Collaborations
De Guzman, Allan B. (2003). The Dynamics of Educational
Reforms in the Philippine Basic and Higher Education
Sectors. Education Research Institute, Asia Pacific
Education Review, 2003, Issue 1 Volume 4 39-50.
Nebres, S.J., B. (2015). The Philippines: Current Trends.
International Higher Education, (24), International Higher
Education, 07/30/2015, Issue 24.
https://businessmirror.com.ph/philippine-education-
system-in-2018-are-we-moving-forward/
https://educationcloset.com/steam/what-is-steam/
https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-center-academic-
information-mobility-2/
https://ched.gov.ph/programs-and-projects/
https://ched.gov.ph/academic-exchange-programs/
https://ched.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2017/11/Cooperate.background.pdf
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-
highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/th
e-world-factbook/fields/373rank.html
https://ched.gov.ph/gender-and-
development/
https://ched.gov.ph/difference-free-tuition-
2017-vs-free-higher-education/
https://soapboxie.com/social-issues/The-
Implementation-o-the-K-12-Program-in-the-
Philippine-Basic-Education-Curriculum