Nama: Reski Ayuni

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IMPLIKASI SOSIAL DARI LETAK, LUAS & BENTUK NEGARA

01 Faktor Kependudukan dalam Geografi Politik

02 Jumlah penduduk
a. Seiring kemajuan teknologi juga diiringi dengan bertambahnya jumlah pen
duduk dan ini sangat mencemaskan.

b. Jumlah penduduk erat kaitannya dengan tersedianya SDA dan kualitas SDMn
03 ya.
c. Penduduk adalah potensi negara disisi lain juga bisa menjadi beban negara

04 Kepadatan & persebaran penduduk

a.Kepadatan penduduk & persebaran penduduk yang tidak merata disuatu wilayah da
pat menciptakan nafsu pada wilayah yang bersangkutan
 Kualitas penduduk
§ Seiring dengan perkembangan kemajuan teknologi, kualitas penduduk dala
m geografi politik merupakan unsur yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan j
umlah & persebarannya.
§ Kelebihan penduduk & keterbelakangan terdapat pada negara2 yang rendah
taraf pendidikannya, kesehatannya & kualitas tenaga kerjanya, sehingga meni
mbulkan masalah dalam bidang sosial & ekonomi.
§ Pemecahannya al: mengontrol pertambahan penduduk.
 Struktur kependudukan
§ Ini berdasarkan al: usia, seks, angka kematian, taraf efisie
nsi, diversitas etnik-kultural.
§ Metode yang digunakan untuk melukiskan penduduk adal
ah melalui piramida penduduk

Diversitas Etnik-Kultural
Tipe negara berdasarkan komposisi etnik-kulturalnya:
a. Yang seluruh penduduknya mencerminkan suatu kelompok homogen kom
plit.
b. Yang mayoritasnya merupakan suatu kelompok yang kompak tetapi ada be
rbagai minoritas kecil yang tersebar diseluruh pelosok negara.
c. Yang penduduknya dapat secara mayoritas berdasarkan jumlah kelompkny
a, tetapi dibidang tertentu menjadi kelompok minoritas (misal: bahasa).
.
 Struktur Ekonomi & Sistem Sirkulasi
tt§ Kekuatan ekonomi suatu negara merupakan basis kriteria bagi kekuatan militer & politik.
§ Faktor yang menjadikan negara2 dalam sejarah dunia menjadi hebat, selain itu juga berkaitan
dengan hubungan perniagaannya.
§ Ini juga didukung dengan sirkulasi (transportasi & komunikasi), karena politik tidak hanya bersif
at lokasi & luas wilayah (sifatnya statis) tapi juga menyangkut organisasi spatial yang bers
§ Sirkulasi: pemindahan/gerakkan dari segala yang ada dipermukaan bumi, seperti manusia, bar
ang, modal, berita maupun gagasan dalam rangka aktivitas manusia.
§ Dalam geografi politik, sistem sirkulasi yang mantap & kuat merupakan penjamin keselamatan
dalam menghadapi agresi dari luar/dalam.

Model2 Wilayah Negara secara Morfologis

§ Model morfologi wilayah negara menurut Whebell :
a. Model dunia lama
§ Dunia lama artinya Asia, Afrika & Eropa, lahirnya negara2 berdasarkan etniknya.
§ Mula2 yang ada berupa inti2 kelompok penduduk yang saling bergabung untuk membentuk kekuata
n & menguasai ruang2 dipermukaan bumi.
§ Setelah mapan & aman lalu mencoba berinvasi kekawasan tetangganya, sehingga wilayahnya dapa
t berubah dari yang aslinya.
§ Antara dua pusat kekuasaan, masing2 memiliki perbatasan etnik & politik.
Model dunia baru
– Dunia baru yang dimaksud adalah Amerika & Australia
– Lahirnya unit politik/negara tak ada hubungannya dengan kelompok etnik (morfologi wilayah negara tidak memiliki latar belakang pe
rbedaan dalam hal etnik)
– Perbatasan2 politik dari negara2 pada umumnya bersifat geometris (mengikuti garis lintang & bujur permukaan bumi) & tidak ada kai
tannya dengan persebaran suku/kelompok masyarakat.
– Pelajari kembali geografi regional negara2 dibenua Amerika & Australia!

Model dunia ketiga

Adalah negara2 baru di Asia & Afrika
01 Merupakan peralihan antara dunia lama &
dunia baru, & ini berkaitan dengan latar b
elakang proses perkembagan kultur-histor
is masing2 negara
Pusat2 ekonomi yang muncul selama zam
an penjajahan dapat menjadi pusat baru d
ari negara yang baru.
Perbatasan internasional & pengelompoka
n etnik dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman penj
ajahan dimasa sebelumnya

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