Hermawan Susanto
PIT VII PDUI Jatim
• Dislipidemia didefinisikan sebagai kelainan metabolisme
lipid yang ditandai dengan peningkatan maupun penurunan
fraksi lipid dalam plasma.
Phospholipid
Apoprotein
s@di
Density g/mL
s@di
9
Why dyslipidemia is important?
15
Penapisan
• Penapisan dilakukan dengan melakukan anamnesis,
pemeriksaan fisik dan laboratorium, terutama
dilakukan pada :
a. Usia (laki-laki ≥ 45 tahun, wanita ≥ 55 tahun)
b. Riwayat keluarga dengan PJK dini (Infark miokard
atau sudden death < 55 tahun pada ayah atau < 65
tahun pada ibu
c. Perokok aktif
d. Hipertensi (TD ≥ 140/90 mmHg atau dengan
pengobatan antihipertensi)
Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang
direkomendasikan adalah:
• Total kolesterol
• Kolesterol LDL
• Trigliserida
• Kolesterol HDL
Pengelolaan Dislipidemia
• Disarankan untuk mengkonsumsi diet rendah kalori yang terdiri dari buah-buahan
dan sayuran (≥ 5 porsi / hari),
High Risk
High Risk
1. Cigarette smoking
2. Hypertension: BP 140/90 mm Hg or on
antihypertensive medication
Risk Assessment
3. Low HDL-C: <40 mg/dL*
4. Family history of premature CHD
No CHD CHD
(1st-degree relative):
ATP-III major CHD risk factors (5) ATP-III
–male relative age <55 CHD risk equivalents
years
–female relative age <65 years
5. Age
2 risk factors Framingham •Scoring
Other clinical forms of atherosclerotic disease
to determine the absolute 10-year CHD –male 45 years
risk.
• peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
–female 55 years
• abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
• carotid artery disease
Risk category
• Diabetes
Treatment
- target
- starting point
- statin/non statin s@di
ATP III: Risk Categories, LDL-C Goals
*Almost all people with 0–1 risk factor have a 10-year risk <10%; thus, Framingham risk
calculations are not necessary.
No
< 75 y.o > 75 y.o
Check LDL-C
High Intensity Moderate
Statin Intensity Statin
ASCVD Risk
ASCVD Risk
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New ACC/AHA Guideline:
Which Statin Trials Support Which Groups?
Group 1 Group 2
Trials: Trials:
TNT-Atorva Clinical LDL-C ≥190 None
IDEAL-Atorva
ASCVD mg/dL
PROVE-IT-Atorva
SPARCL-Atorva
CHD, stroke, and
peripheral arterial disease, all of
(~5 mmol/L)
presumed atherosclerotic origin
Group 3 Group 4
Trials: Trials:
CARDS-Atorva ASCOT LLA-Atorva
Diabetes ASCVD risk HPS-Simva
TNT*-Atorva
mellitus ≥7.5% JUPITER-Rosuva
HPS*-Simva
+ age of 40–75 years No diabetes
+ LDL-C 70–189 mg/dL + age of 40–75 years
+ LDL-C 70–189 mg/dL
(~1.8–5 mmol/L) (~1.8–5 mmol/L)
* Subgroup analysis
Stone NJ, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013 Nov 7. Epub ahead of print
Recommendations for Nonstatin Drugs
• The panel could find no data supporting the routine use of nonstatin
drugs added to statin therapy to further reduce ASCVD events
• In addition, identification of any RCT’s that assessed ASCVD outcomes
in statin-intolerant patients was not found
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LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM IN TYPE 2 DIABETES
Hepatic lipase
Bloodstream
TG
sdLDL
Liver HDL
Increased triglycerides
Modified from HENRYN. GINSBERG, Therapy for Diabetes and related disorders. 4th ed, 2004
American Diabetes Association Standards of Care 2019
• Most trials of statins and CVD outcomes tested specific doses of statins against placebo or other statins,
rather than aiming for specific LDL cholesterol goals
• In light of this fact, the 2015 ADA Standards of Care have been revised to recommend when to initiate
and intensify statin therapy (high versus moderate) based on risk profile (Table 8.1).
2. ACS
High intensity statin hari 1 – 4 post onset ACS, lalu sesuaikan dosis
hingga LDL-C <70 mg/dl
Pertimbangkan statin dengan intensitas lebih rendah untuk geriatri,
kelainan ginjal dan hati, dan interaksi dengan obat lain
Penggunaan high intensity statin short term pre-PCI
3. POST STROKE ISKEMIK
Statin menurunkan 27-31% rekurensi stroke
Penggunaan agen lain untuk pencegahan primer tidak
direkomendasikan karena kurangnya bukti
Belum ada bukti penggunaan pada stroke hemoragik (potensi
berbahaya)
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4. CKD
KDIGO Guidelines for Lipid Management in CKD 2013
TERIMA KASIH