• Pleural :
1. Transudat : - Congestive Heart Failure
- Hepatic cirrhosis
- Hypoproteinemia (SN)
2. Eksudat : - neoplasma
● bronchogenic Ca
●metastatic Ca
●lymphoma
●mesothelioma
- infeksi
● TBC
● Bacterial pneumonia
● Viral or mycoplasma pneumonia
- trauma
- pulmonary infark
- SLE
- pancreatitis
- ruptur oesophagus
• Pericardial :
1. Eksudat : - infeksi
●bacterial pericarditis
●TBC
●fungal pericarditis
●viral or mycoplasma pericarditis
- neoplasma
●metastase Ca or limfoma
- trauma
- myocardial infark
- haemorrhagic effusion
●secondary to anticoagulan
terapy
●leakage of aortic aneurysm
- metabolic
- rheumatoid disease
- SLE
• Peritoneal :
1. Transudat : - CHF
- hepatic cirrhosis
- hypoproteinemia
2. Eksudat : - neoplasma
●hepatoma
●metastatic Ca
●lymphoma
●mesothelioma
- infeksi
●TBC
●primary bacterial peritonitis
●secondary bacterial peritonitis
- trauma
- pancreatitis
- bile peritonitis
- chylous effusion : kerusakan
atau obstruksi duktus thoracicus mis : trauma,
lymphoma, Ca, TBC, infestasi parasit.