Pengukuran
Applying the Wrong Measurement
APROKSIMASI
Standart Kompetensi :
Memecahkan masalah berkaitan dengan konsep Aproksimasi kesalahan
Kompetensi Dasar :
Menerapkan konsep kesalahan pengukuran
Indikator :
1. Membedakan pengertian membilang dan mengukur
2. Menghitung kesalahan (salah mutlak dan salah relatif),
prosentase kesalahan, toleransi hasil suatu pengukuran
Competence Standard
Solving problem related to the concept of wrong approximation
Basic Competence:
Applying the wrong measurement concept.
Indicators :
1. Differentiate the definition between numbering and measuring
2. Calculate the mistake (absolute and relative mistake),
wrong percentage, result tolerance of a measurement
Pengertian Aproksimasi
Pembulatan
Macam-macam Kesalahan
Toleransi
Pecahan Berantai
Rounding up
Tolerance
Chain Fraction
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17
Mengukur :
Memperkirakan
Hasilnya tidak pasti ( pendekatan)
Membilang :
Hasilnya eksak ( pasti )
Measuring :
Approximate
The result is not certain (Approximation)
Numbering :
The result is exact ( certain )
Contoh :
165,5 cm = 166 cm , dibulatkan ke cm terdekat
2, 43 kg = 2 kg , dibulatkan ke kg terdekat
Example:
165,5 cm = 166 cm , Rounded up to the nearest cm
1). Except zero, all numbers are significant,ex: 472,513 6 is significant number.
2). “0” number is significant if the place is among significant numbers, ex:
807003 6 is significant number
3) “ 0 “ number is significant if it appears after decimal place symbol and the
other significant numbers, ex: 20,080 5 is significant numbers
4). “ 0 “ number is never significant if it precedes the numbers which is not
zero, although it appears after decimalplace symbol,
ex: 043,00 m 4 is significant number; 0,0720 km 3 is significant number.
5) “ 0 “ number is significant if it is denoted by ”dash” or “ bar “
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1119Februari 2020
Hal.: Aproksimasi Adaptif
Kinds of Mistakes
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1120Februari 2020
Hal.: Aproksimasi Adaptif
Macam-macam Kesalahan
Salah Relatif =
salah mutlak
hasil pengukuran
Persentase Kesalahan =
Salah relatif x 100 %
Hal.: 21 Aproksimasi Adaptif
Kinds of Mistakes
Relative Mistake=
salah mutlak
hasil pengukuran
Persentase Kesalahan =
Salah relatif x 100 %
Hal.: 22 Aproksimasi Adaptif
Toleransi
Diketahui hasil pengukuran tinggi tiang bendera 3,5 meter, carilah satuan
pengukuran terkecil, salah mutlak, salah relatif, prosentase kesalahan dan
toleransi
Jawab :
Hasil pengukuran 3,5m
Satuan pengukuran terkecil : 0,1m
Salah mutlak : 0,5 x 0,1m = 0,05m
Salah relatif : 0,05 / 3,5 = 0,014
Prosentase kesalahan : 0,014 x 100% = 1,4%
Batas atas pengukurn : (3,5 + 0,05)m = 3,55m
Batas bawah pengukuran : (3,5 – 0,05)m = 3,45m
Toleransi pengukuran : (3,55 – 3,45)m = 0,10m
Let the measurement result of the flag pole height is 3,5 meter, then find
the smallest single measurement, absolute mistake, relative mistake,
mistake percentage, and tolerance.
Answer :
Measurement result 3,5m
The smallest single measurement : 0,1m
Absolute Mistake : 0,5 x 0,1m = 0,05m
Relative Mistake : 0,05 / 3,5 = 0,014
Mistake percentage : 0,014 x 100% = 1,4%
Upper limit measurement: (3,5 + 0,05)m = 3,55m
Lower limit measurement: (3,5 – 0,05)m = 3,45m
Measurement tolerance : (3,55 – 3,45)m = 0,10m
Jawab :
Toleransi yang diperkenankan adalah ( 15 ± 0,5 ) gram, berarti:
Answer :
The allowed tolerance is ( 15 ± 0,5 ) gram, means:
Kompetensi Dasar
Menerapkan konsep operasi hasil pengukuran
Indikator
1. Menghitung jumlah dan selisih hasil
pengukuran
2. Menghitung hasil kali maksimum dan minimum
hasil pengukuran
Base Competence
Applying operation concept of
measurement result
Indicators
1. Calculating the sum and the measurement
difference result
2. Calculating the maximum multiplication result
and the minimum of measurement result
a1 a2 a3 …... an-1 an
a2.a1
0 1 a1 +1 pn
1 0 qn
a1 a2 a3 …... an-1 an
a2.a1
0 1 a1 +1 pn
1 0 qn
99 / 224 \ 2 = a1
198 Dapat ditulis:
26 / 99 \ 3 = a2
78 224 1
21 / 26 \ 1 = a3 2
99 1
21 3
5 / 21 \ 4 = a4 1
1
20 1
1 / 5 \ 5 = a5 4
5 5
0
7 9 43 224
Jadi Pecahan yang mendekati adalah: 2 3 4 19 99
Hal.: 45 Aproksimasi Adaptif
Make level division
99 / 224 \ 2 = a1
198 Can be written:
26 / 99 \ 3 = a2
78 224 1
21 / 26 \ 1 = a3 2
99 1
21 3
5 / 21 \ 4 = a4 1
1
20 1
1 / 5 \ 5 = a5 4
5 5
0
7 9 43 224
So the approachable fraction is: 2
3 4 19 99
Hal.: 46 Aproksimasi Adaptif
Untuk Menentukan Pendekatan Dapat
Dengan Tabel
2 3 1 4 5
x
2
0 21
+ 2 7 9 43 224
x
1 0
1 + 0 1 3 4 19 99
7 9 43 224
Jadi Pecahan yang mendekati adalah: 2 3 4 19 99
Hal.: 47 Aproksimasi Adaptif
To determine the approach by the table
2 3 1 4 5
x
2
0 21
+ 2 7 9 43 224
x
1 0
1 + 0 1 3 4 19 99
7 9 43 224
So the approachable fraction is: 2 3 4 19 99
Hal.: 48 Aproksimasi Adaptif
Contoh: 2
2 1 2 3 2 3
x
1 0
1 + 0 1 1 3 10 23 79
x
2 2
0 + 1 2 3 8 27 62 213
2 1 2 3 2 3
x
1 0
1 + 0 1 1 3 10 23 79
x
2 2
0 + 1 2 3 8 27 62 213
2 2 2 1 14
x
1 0
1 + 0 1 2 5 7 103
x
0 1
0 1 2 5 12 17 250
+
1 2 5 7 103
Jadi Pecahan yang mendekati adalah:
2 5 12 17 250
Hal.: 57 Aproksimasi Adaptif
Determining the approach by table
2 2 2 1 14
x
1 0
1 + 0 1 2 5 7 103
x
0 1
0 1 2 5 12 17 250
+
1 2 5 7 103
So the approachable fraction is:
2 5 12 17 250
Hal.: 58 Aproksimasi Adaptif
Hal.: 59 Aproksimasi Adaptif
Hal.: 60 Aproksimasi Adaptif