1. Physical ergonomics
• physical and physiological loads.
• Relevant topics include manual materials
handling, workstation layout, job demands, and
risk factors such as repetition, vibration, force
and awkward/static posture as they relate to
musculoskeletal disorders (see
repetitive strain injury).
RULA
• RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment)
• Tool yang berbentuk survey untuk mengidentifikasi
pekerjaan yang menyebabkan risiko dari cumulative trauma
disorder (CTD)
• Screening tool yang mendetail untuk menguji risiko cedera :
postur
gaya
penggunaan otot
pergerakan pekerja
• Tidak memberikan rekomendasi khusus untuk modifikasi
pekerjaan.
• Tetapi dirancang untuk menjadi survey yang cepat dan
mudah sehingga memudahkan untuk mengetahui apakah
diperlukan analisis yang lebih detail.
REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment)
Memotong Badan
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2. Cognitive ergonomics
• /engineering
Include : psychology
• perception, attention, cognition, motor control,
and memory storage and retrieval as they affect
interactions among humans and other elements
of a system.
• Relevant topics include mental workload,
vigilance, decision making, skilled performance,
human error, human-computer interaction, and
training.
Jenis Error– menurut James
Reason
Routine
Basic error types Reasoned
Reckless & Malicious
Violations
Rule & Knowledge
Intended Based errors
actions
Mistakes Skill based errors
Unsafe
Unsafe Memory failures
acts
acts
Lapses
Unintended
Skill based errors
actions Attentional failures
Slips
FATIGUE
• Ream and RichardsonDEFINITION
(1996), offer the following
definition, however:
• Fatigue is a subjective, unpleasant symptom which
incorporates total body feelings ranging from
tiredness to exhaustion, creating an unrelenting
overall condition which interferes with individual’s
ability to function in their normal capacity.
What causes fatigue?
Fatigue results from insufficient rest and sleep between
activities, eg from poor quality sleep.
The inter-related causes of fatigue include:
1. The time of day that work takes place
2. The length of time spent at work and in work related duties
3. The type and duration of a work task and the environment
in which it is performed
4. The quantity and quality of rest obtained prior to and after
a work period
5. Activities outside of work, such as second jobs and family
commitments
6. Individual factors such as sleeping disorders.
NIOSH WORKLOAD
Chronic fatigue
• Kondisi fatigue yang sering terjadi di industri
• Terjadi dalam jangka lama
• Gejala yang muncul
1. Peningkatan instabilitas psikis
2. Depresi
3. Lemah umum & malas kerja
4. Peningkatan kesakitan
Keluhan yang muncul
1. Nyeri kepala
2. Giddiness
3. Kurang tidur
4. Denyut jantung iregular
5. Berkeringat berlebihan
6. Hilang nafsu makan
7. Gangguan pencernaan
• Pengukuran fatigue
Pengukuran faktor fisik perlu didukung oleh keluhan fatigue
1. Kualitas & kuantitas output
2. Subjective feeling
3. Electro encephalografi
4. Flicker fusion frequency of eye
5. Psikomotor test
6. Mental test
Electroenchephalografi
• Psikomotor Test