Medication
Pembimbing:
Dr. Bernardus Realino H, Sp.An
Oleh:
Josephine Emisura
Megan Shanzu
ANAMNESIS
Riwayat operasi dan anestesi serta komplikasinya
Riwayat penyakit sekarang
Penyakit Komorbid
Riwayat alergi
Riwayat penggunaan obat
Kesehatan pasien dan kemampuan untuk melakukan fungsi
sehari-hari
ASA
METS
ASA
METS
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
Keadaan
Kesadaran Airway
umum
TTV dan
PF Umum
Antropometri
MALAMPATI
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
Konsultasi Spesialis lain
Untuk diagnosis,
Menentukan profil
evaluasi dan
risiko yang digunakan
mengontrol keadaan
untuk menentukan
pasien (membaik atau
keputusan dari tindakan
memburuk)
IMPLIKASI ANESTESI PADA
PENYAKIT KOMORBID
HIPERTENSI
Risiko terjadinya • Intraoperatif : aritmia, TD tidak stabil dan
penyakit jantung MI
iskemik, CHF, gangguan
renal dan CVD • Sistolik > 200 mmHg MI postoperative
Dapat menyebabkan :
• Disfungsi sistolik (↓fraksi ejeksi akibat abnormalitas kontraktilitas)
• Disfungsi diastolik (↑filling pressure dengan relaksasi abnormal tetapi kontraktilitas
dan fraksi ejeksi)
Membutuhkan echochardiogaphy
Tindakan preoperatif
• Deaktivasi ICD atau menetapkan pacemaker dalam mode asinkronisasi
PULMONARY DISEASE
Pulmonary & Nonpulmonary perioperative
complications
Predictors of postoperative pulmonary complications
(PPC) include
Advanced age
Heart failure
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Smoking
General health status (including impaired sensorium and functional dependency)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
PPC
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Perioperative airway obstruction, hypoxemia,
atelectasis, myocardial ischemia, pneumonia, and
prolonged hospitalizations.
STOP BANG
OBESITY
Obese OSA, heart failure,
diabetes, hypertension,
Extreme obesity BMI of pulmonary hypertension,
40 or more difficult airways, decreased
arterial oxygenation, and
increased gastric volume
Special equipment
Diabetes Melitus
End-organ damage
• Renal insufficiency, strokes, peripheral neuropathies,
visual impairment, and cardiovascular disease
Associated with
Cause of anemia
Comorbid conditions
Organ function, including arthritis,
respond differently to hypertension, heart disease,
medications diabetes, renal insufficiency,
and vascular disease
FORMULATION OF AN
ANESTHETIC PLAN
FORMULATION OF AN ANESTHETIC
PLAN
Risk Informed
assessment consent
Fasting
Medication
guideline
FORMULATION ANESTHETIC PLAN
Medication – Continue vs Discontinue
Generally, cardiac medications and antihypertensive drugs are continued
preoperatively.
The best approach for patients with severe disease is to continue all
cardiac medications.
A similar approach is likely beneficial for patients who do not require
general anesthesia or who are undergoing low- to intermediate-risk
procedures.
DM: discontinue intermittent short-acting insulin. Patients with
insulin pumps continue with their lowest basal rate.
Type 1 diabetics take a small amount (1/3-1/2) of their usual
intermediate- to long-acting morning insulin (e.g., Lente or NPH) the
day of surgery to avoid ketoacidosis.
Type 2 diabetics take 0-1/2 dose of intermediate- to long-acting. Ultra-
long-acting insulin such as glargine insulin is taken as scheduled.
Fasting Guideline
THANK YOU