IT-6 APH - Atta (Ind New Slide) Edited
IT-6 APH - Atta (Ind New Slide) Edited
Antepartum
Dr. H. Abarham Martadiansyah, SpOG (K)
ANTEPARTUM
TRIMESTER 1
TRIMESTER 2
TRIMESTER 3
INTRAPARTUM
POSTPARTUM
+ ANTEPARTUM : TRIMESTER 1
○ Abortus
○ Iminens
○ Insipiens
○ Inkomplit
○ Komplit
○ Missed abortion
○ Blighted ovum
○ Kematian mudigah
○ Mola hidatidosa
○ Kehamilan ektopik
+ ANTEPARTUM : TRIMESTER 2
○ Abortus
○ Iminens
○ Insipiens
○ Inkomplit
○ Komplit
○ Missed abortion
○ Kematian janin
○ Mola hidatidosa
○ Kehamilan ektopik / abdominal
○ Kelainan implantasi plasenta
+ ANTEPARTUM : TRIMESTER 3
○ PLACENTA PRAEVIA
○ PLACENTAL ABRUPTION
○ VASA PRAEVIA
+ INTRAPARTUM
○ UTERINE RUPTURED
○ UTERINE INVERTION
8
+ POSTPARTUM
○ TONES
○ UTERINE ATONY
○ TEARS/TRAUMA
○ LACERATION
○ UTERINE INVERSION
○ UTERINE RUPTURE
○ TISSUE
○ REST OF PLACENTAE
○ THROMBIN
○ COAGULOPATHY
Perdarahan Antepartum
10
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
Penyebab Utama Perdarahan
Antepartum:
11
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1
Solusio
Plasenta
“ Separasi plasenta, baik secara
parsial maupun total, dari tempat
implantasinya sebelum persalinan.”
13
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Epidemiologi
14
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
Solusio Plasenta Solusio Plasenta Solusio Plasenta
Marginal Parsial Total
15
Etiopatogenesis
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1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
Solusio Kronik Solusio Traumatika
○ Dimulai pada awal ○ Dapat disebabkan trauma
kehamilan minor
○ Diikuti oligohidranion ○ Biasanya kecelakaan lalu
(chronic abruption- lintas / Trauma langsung
oligohydramnions ke dinding abdomen ibu
sequence)
○ Biasanya disebabkan
penyakit maternal
17
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
+ Etiologi / predisposisi
1. HDK 8. Trauma, VL
2. Multiparitas 9. Konsumsi alkohol
3. Usia ibu tua 10. Merokok
4. TP pendek 11. Tumor uterus
5. Dekompresi uterus 12. Kelainan uterus
mendadak
6. Defisiensi gizi, asam folat
Manifestasi Klinis
Nyeri perut
⸕ tonus &
(uterus),
kontraksi
punggungUteri
uterus
ne tenderness
DJJ abnormal
Diasosiasikan sd (-)
dengan
hipertensi,
distensi uterus, Perdarahan
trauma abdomen tersembunyi, Bagian janin
merah gelap, ??
cekungan
plasenta
19
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Penilaian Awal
Resusitasi
Status Nilai segera &
2 akses Persiapan
hemodinamik laboratorium intensif
intravena tindakan
ibu dan awal (darah dengan
besar obstetri
keadaan janin lengkap) kristaloid +
produk darah
20
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Tatalaksana Obstetri
≥37 minggu usia kehamilan
• Persalinan tidak boleh ditunda
• Kondisi maternal & fetal baik seksio sesaria (jika perkiraan waktu
persalinan > 6 jam)
• Janin telah meninggal, atau kondisi maternal & janin memungkinkan
persalinan pervaginam dengan amniotomi
<37 minggu usia kehamilan
• Maternal & janin stabil manajemen konservatif
• Solusio ringan
• Betametason / deksametason meningkatkan kematangan paru
• Tokolitik kontroversi ??
21
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
2
Plasenta Previa
“ Plasenta tertanam di segmen bawah
rahim (SBR), baik tepat maupun
sangat dekat di ostium internum
uterus.”
23
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Epidemiologi
24
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
Klasifikasi
25
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Migrasi Plasenta
Plasenta
90% plasenta
berkembang ke arah Distal plasenta
teridentifikasi letak
suplai darah yang mengalami regresi &
rendah pada awal
lebih baik di fundus atrofi
kehamilan
(trofotropisme)
26
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
Plasenta Previa
Perkembangan
Previa persisten Perdarahan
Etiologi tidak SBR &
≥24 minggu pervaginam
diketahui pendataran
usia kehamilan (merah terang)
serviks
27
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Faktor Risiko
Riwayat seksio sesaria sebelumnya
Multipara
Merokok
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dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
+
Diagnosis
1. Anamnesis :
Perdarahan tanpa nyeri, tanpa sebab
2. Periksa luar :
Terbawah tidak masuk PAP
3. Inspekulo :
Perdarahan OUI
4. USG (tidak langsung)
5. Perabaan forniks – kanalis servikalis
Diagnosis
Semua ibu dengan keluhan perdarahan pervaginam tanpa nyeri pada ≥20 minggu usia kehamilan
harus dicurigai plasenta previa hingga terbukti bukan
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dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Sonogram Transabdominal dari Sonogram Transvaginal dari Plasenta
Plasenta Previa Total Previa Total
33
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Diagnosis
Pemeriksaan “Double-setup” atau di atas Meja Operasi (PDMO)
34
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Tirah
baring
Pencegahan
Perdarahan
pada Plasenta
Previa
Hindari
⸕aktivitas
hubungan
fisik
seksual
35
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Komplikasi
36
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
37
Komplikasi Neonatal
Gangguan
pertumbuhan Anomali janin
janin
Keterlambatan
Persalinan
perkembangan
prematur
neurologis
38
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
Penilaian Awal
Status Nilai
2 akses
hemodinamik laboratorium Tindakan
intravena
ibu dan awal (darah obstetri
besar
keadaan janin lengkap)
39
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Manajemen ekspektatif
• Hemodinamik fetomaternal stabil,
perdarahan tidak aktif
• <37 minggu
• Belum inpartu
• Rawat inap hingga bebas perdarahan
≥48 jam
• Betametason / deksametason
membantu pematangan paru
• Tokolitik jika ada indikasi
Tatalaksana
Manajemen aktif
• Hemodinamik fetomaternal terganggu,
• ≥37 minggu usia gestasi,
• perdarahan masif
• Inpartu
• Lakukan persalinan perabdominam
40
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
+
Tindakan
○ Perbaikan KU :
Infus, atasi syok
○ Syok teratasi & pastikan Diagnosis
○ Tentukan Terminasi :
KU jelek : Seksio sesaria
KU baik : PDMO
Syok dan anemia tidak konsisten dengan Syok dan anemia konsisten dengan
perdarahan (perdarahan tersembunyi, perdarahan (merah terang)
merah gelap)
42
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill.
3nn. nd. Chapter 5: Antepartum Hemorrhage. Alarm International Program, 4th Ed
3
Vasa Previa
“ Pembuluh darah janin melalui
membran janin, sangat berisiko
ruptur dengan komplikasi kehilangan
darah.”
44
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
Epidemiologi
45
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
Patogenesis
Vasa Previa Velamentosa
Plasenta bilobus /
suksenturiata, dengan
pembuluh darah terhubung
tepat melalui serviks
47
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
Pemeriksaan Penunjang
48
1Hull dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
Komplikasi Perdarahan Antepartum
Komplikasi Maternal Komplikasi Janin
Infeksi BBLR
Perdarahan postpartum
1Cunnigham
49
FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill.
3nn.nd. Chapter 5: Antepartum Hemorrhage. Alarm International Program, 4th Ed
5Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. 2011. Antepartum Haemorrhage, Green-top Guideline No.63
Manajemen ekspektatif
• Hemodinamik fetomaternal stabil
• Belum aterm
• Belum inpartu
• Rawat inap hingga bebas perdarahan
≥48 jam
• Betametason / deksametason
membantu pematangan paru
• Tokolitik jika ada indikasi Tatalaksana
Manajemen aktif
• Hemodinamik fetomaternal terganggu
• Aterm
• perdarahan masif
• Inpartu
• Lakukan persalinan perabdominam
50
dan Resnik R. 2014. Chapter 46: Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, Abruptio Placentae, and Vasa Previa. Dalam: Creasy RK, et al. (Ediotr). Creasy & Resnik’s Maternal-fetal Medicine Principles and Practice, 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders
1Hull
2Cunnigham FG, et al (Editor). 2014. Chapter 41: Obstetrical Hemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics 24th Edition, Mc-Graw-Hill
terima kasih.
51