SOIL IMPROVEMENT

Mengapa perlu melakukan soil

stabilisasi/improvement

 Dibutuhkan suatu kepadatan spesifikasi

yang tinggi untuk struktur diatasnya spt
runway lapangan terbang
 Kondisi tanah yang menyulitkan untuk
dilakukan pembangunan diatasnya:
 Tanah rawa
 Tanah lunak
 Tanah gambut
 Tanah expansive
Skenario Menghadapi Difficult
Soil
• Cari lokasi lain
• Desain struktur disesuaikan dengan
kondisi tanah
• Gali dan ganti tanah
• Perbaiki kondisi tanah
 Pertimbangan2

• Jenis dan tingkat perbaikan yang

dikehendaki
• Jenis tanah dan kondisi geologis
• Ketersediaan Alat, Biaya, Waktu
• Efek samping
Soil improvement
 Mechanically stabilized earth
 Conventional compaction
 Deep dynamic compaction
 Vibro compaction
 Speeding up consolidation
 Sand drains
 PVD (prefabricated Vertical drain)

 Pre loading (modifikasi hidrolis)

 Precompression used for foundations on soft subsoil
 Preloading where the embankment body itself is built higher than presumed, left in
place for a certain time, and only subsequently partly removed to reach the presumed
value
 Reinforcement
 Penggunaan geotextile
 Ground anchor
 Nail
Perbandingan Harga
Relatif
The use of stabilization is most common in
highway construction where it can fulfil
several tasks:

– Stabilization of subgrade,
– Stabilization of base courses,
– Temporary stabilization of road surface or light
road pavement surfacing.
Deep Dynamic
compaction
 How dynamic compaction
works
There is a fundamental difference between the response of granular and
cohesive soils when subjected to the high-energy impacts of the process
The most common approach is to consider the ground in three layers.
1. The first tamping pass is aimed at treating the deepest layer by
adopting a relatively wide grid pattern and a suitable number of
drops from the full-height capability of the crane.
2. The middle layer is then treated by an intermediate grid, often the
mid-point of the first pass or half the initial grid, with a lesser
number of drops and reduced drop height.
3. The surface layers then receive a continual tamp of a small number
of drops from low height on a continuous patt
Jenis Tanah & DDC

DDC lebih
baik pada
tanah
dengan
tingkat
kejenuha
n rendah
Perencanaan DDC (1)
Typical crawler crane and equipment
Perencanaan DDC (2)
Perencanaan DDC (3)
Hasil DDC (1)
Hasil DDC (2): kenaikan
nilai SPT
Getaran Akibat DDC
Speed up consolidation
Sand drain
PVD
Prefabricated Vertical Drain

© American Wick
Vibro compaction

Menard Vibro compaction

Vibro compaction method operating phases (by courtesy of
Keller Group).
 Bottom feed vibrator with pneumatic
Vibrocat with bottom feed vibrator feeding device (Degen, 1997
Depth vibrator and principle of vibro compaction
Range of soil types treatable by vibro compaction and vibro
replacement
(stone columns).
Vibro-Replacement
 Cohesive, mixed and layered soils
generally do not densify easily when
subjected to vibration alone.
 Vibro-Replacement Stone Columns,
columns of dense, crushed stone are
designed to increase bearing capacity,
reduce settlement, aid densification
and mitigate the potential for
liquefaction, and improve shear
resistance.
Vibro-Replacement
 Vibro-Compaction
 Vibro-Compaction also knows as
VibroFlotation is used to densify clean,
cohesionless soils.
 Action of the vibrator, usually
accompanied by water jetting, reduces
the inter-granular forces between the soil
particles, allowing them to move into a
denser configuration, typically achieving a
relative density of 70 to 85 percent.
Compaction is achieved above and below
the water table.
Vibro compaction con’t

The efficiency of compaction is also greatly influenced by the

permeability of the soil. When permeability is too low (<105 m/s),
compaction effectiveness decreases as permeability decreases,
whereas when permeability is too high (>102 m/s), penetration of
the soil by the vibrator becomes increasingly more difficult as the
permeability increases (Greenwood and Kirsch, 1983).

Vibro compaction is used to increase the bearing capacity of

foundations and to reduce their settlements. Another application is
the densification of sand for liquefaction mitigation
 Vibro compaction in Singapore (2002)

The foundation design for the pipeline called for the densification of a
20m wide strip of the loose reclaimed sand underneath the pipeline to a
relative density (RD) of 70 per cent
Preloading
Deep soil mixing method
(DMM)
From FHWA
Aplication of DMM

Single elements.
Rows of overlapping elements (walls or
panels).
Grids or lattices.
Blocks.