PERTEMUAN
FUNCTIONAL
BASED
RESPONSIBILITY
ACCOUNTING
13 -2
Jawablah pertanyaan berikut ini:
Responsibility
Responsibility accounting
accounting merupakan
merupakan sebuah
sebuah
sistem
sistem yang
yang mengukur
mengukur kinerja
kinerja setiap
setiap pusat
pusat
pertanggungjawaban
pertanggungjawaban berdasarkan
berdasarkan kebutuhan
kebutuhan
untuk
untuk menjalankan
menjalankan divisi
divisi oleh
oleh manajer
manajer
13 -4
Types
Types of
of Responsibility
Responsibility
Centers
Centers
Cost center: pusat
pertanggungjawaban dimana
manajernya hanya
bertanggungjawab pada biaya
Revenue center: pusat
pertanggungjawaban dimana
manajernya hanya
Continued
Continued
bertanggungjawab pada penjualan
13 -5
Types
Types of of Responsibility
Responsibility
Centers
Profit center:Centers
pusat
pertanggungjawaban dimana
manajernya bertanggungjawab
pada biaya dan penjualan
Investment center: pusat
pertanggungjawaban dimana
manajernya bertanggungjawab
pada biaya, pendapatan dan
investasi
13 -6
Capital
Cost Sales Investment Other
Cost center x
Revenue centerDirect cost x
only
Profit center x x
Investment center x x x x
13 -7
DECISION MAKING APPROACHES
alasan
alasan desentralisasi
desentralisasi
ROI
EVA
RESIDUAL INCOME (LABA RESIDU)
13 -10
Return
Return on
on Investment
Investment
Operating income
ROI =
Average operating assets
Comparison of ROI
Electronics Medical Supplies
Divisions Divisions
2003:
Sales $30,000,000 $117,00,000
Operating income 1,800,000 3,510,000
Average operating assets10,000,000 19,500,000
ROI 18 % 18 %
$1,800,000
$10,000,000
13 -12
Comparison of ROI
Electronics Medical Supplies
Divisions Divisions
2004:
Sales $40,000,000 $117,00,000
Operating income 2,000,000 2,925,000
Average operating assets10,000,000 19,500,000
ROI 20 % 15 %
$2,000,000
$10,000,000
13 -13
Margin
Margin and
and Turnover
Turnover
Advantages
Advantages of
of ROI
ROI
1. Manager FOKUS kepada
hubungan antara penjualan ,
beban dan investasi
2. Membuat manajer focus
kepada efisiensi biaya
3. Membuat manajer focus
pada penggunaan asset
secara efisien.
13 -16
Disadvantages
Disadvantages of
of ROI
ROI
1) Dapat mengakibatkan focus yang sempit,
sehingga hanya berfokus pada profitabilitas
divisi terkadang mengorbankan perusahaan
secara keseluruhan.
2) Dapat menjadikan manajer hanya Fokus
jangka pendek dan mengabaikan focus
jangka panjang
13 -17
Residual Income
EVA
EVA == After-tax
After-tax operating
operating income
income ––
(Weighted
(Weighted average
average cost
cost of
of capital
capital xx
Total
Total capital
capital employed)
employed)
13 -20
contoh
Incentive
Incentive Pay
Pay for
for Managers
Managers
Why would managers not provide good service?
There are three reasons:
1. They may have low ability
2. They may prefer not to work as hard as
needed
3. They may prefer to spend company resources
on perquisites
13 -24
Incentive
Incentive Pay
Pay for
for Managers
Managers
Perquisites are a type of fringe benefit
given to managers over and above a
salary.
A nice office
Use of a company car or jet
Expense accounts
Paid country club memberships