Sejarah Indo
Sejarah Indo
Politik dan
melaksanakan pembangunan nasional tersebut adalah
dengan membentuk Kabinet Pembangunan I pada 6 Juni
1968. Program Kabinet Pembangunan I dikenal dengan
Keamanan
sebutan Pancakrida Kabinet Pembangunan, yang berisi:
1. Menciptakan stabilitas politik dan ekonomi sebagai
syarat mutlak berhasilnya pelaksanakan Rencana
sebagai Dasar
Pembangunan Lima Tahun (Repelita) dan Pemilihan
Umum (Pemilu);
2. Menyusun dan merencanakan Repelita;
Pembangunan
3. Melaksanakan Pemilu selambat-lambatnya pada Juli
1971;
4. Mengembalikan ketertiban dan keamanan masyarakat
dengan mengikis habis sisa-sisa G 30/S/PKI dan setiap
bentuk rongrongan penyelewengan, serta pengkhianatan
terhadap Pancasila dan UUD 1945;
5. Melanjutkan penyempurnaan dan pembersihan secara
menyeluruh aparatur negara baik di pusat maupun di
daerah dari unsur-unsur komunisme.
Dalam rangka menciptakan kondisi politik yang stabil dan kondusif bagi terlaksananya amanah
rakyat melalui TAP MPRS No.IX/MPRS/1966, yaitu melaksanakan pemilihan umum (pemilu),
pemerintah Orde Baru melakukan‘pelemahan’ atau mengeliminasi kekuatan-kekuatan yang secara
historis dinilai berpotensi mengganggu stabilitas dan merongrong kewibawaan pemerintah.
Pelemahan itu dilakukan antara lain terhadap pendukung Soekarno, kelompok Partai Sosialis
Indonesia (PSI) dan kelompok Islam Fundamentalis (yang sering disebut kaum ekstrimis kanan).
Selain itu, pemerintahan Soeharto juga menciptakan kekuatan politik sipil baru yang dalam
pandangannya lebih mudah dikendalikan. Organisasi itu adalah Sekretariat Bersama Golongan
Karya (Sekber Golkar) yang kemudian lebih dikenal dengan nama Golkar.Berdasarkan Tap MPRS
No IX/MPRS/1966, pemerintah diharapkan segera melakukan pemilu pada tahun 1968. Namun
karena berbagai pertimbangan politik dan keamanan, pemilu baru dapat diselenggarakan pada 1971.
Lembaga Pemilu sebagai pelaksana pemilu dibentuk dan ditempatkan di bawah koordinasi
Departemen Dalam Negeri, sedangkan peserta pemilu ditetapkan melalui Keputusan Presiden No.23
tanggal 23 Mei 1970.
Berdasarkan surat keputusan itu, jumlah partai politik (parpol) yang diijinkan
ikut serta dalam pemilu adalah 9 parpol, yaitu: NU, Parmusi, PSII, Perti
(Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah), Partai Kristen Indonesia, Partai Khatolik,
Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak (Murba), dan Ikatan Pendukung
Kemerdekaan Indonesia (IPKI) ditambah dengan Golkar. Adapun perolehan
suara hasil pemilu 1971 adalah sebagai berikut: Golkar(236 kursi, 62,82%),
NU (58 kursi,18,68%), Parmusi (24 kursi (5,56%), PNI (20 kursi,6,93%), PSII
(10 kursi,2,39%), dan Parkindo (10 kursi, 2,39%).
Pada akhir tahun 1971, pemerintah Orde Baru melemparkan gagasan
penyederhanaan partai politik dengan alasan–alasan tertentu, seperti kasus
pada masa “demokrasi parlementer”. Pada masa itu, banyaknya partai
dianggap tidak memudahkan pembangunan, justru sebaliknya menambah
permasalahan. Penyebabnya bukan saja karena persaingan antarparpol,
melainkan juga persaingan di dalam tubuh parpol antara para pemimpinnya
tidak jarang memicu timbulnya krisis, bahkan perpecahan yang dinilai bisa
mengganggu stabilitas polkam. Atas dasar itu, pemerintah berpendapat perlu
adanya penyederhanaan partai sebagai bagian dari pelaksanaan demokrasi
Pancasila. Pada awalnya banyak parpol yang menolak gagasan itu, yang
sedikit banyak dinilai telah menutup aspirasi kebebasan berkumpul dan
berserikat yang dijamin oleh UUD 1945.
Namun adanya tekanan pemerintah menyebabkan mereka tidak mempunyai pilihan lain.Realisasi
penyederhanaan partai tersebut dilaksanakan melalui Sidang Umum MPR tahun 1973. Sembilan
partai yang ada berfusi ke dalam dua partai baru, yaitu Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) dan
Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (PDI). Empat Partai Islam, yaitu Nahdatul Ulama/NU, Parmusi, Partai
Sarekat Islam Indonesia/PSII, dan Perti bergabung dalam PPP. Sementara itu lima partai non Islam,
yaitu PNI, Partai Kristen Indonesia (Parkindo), Partai Khatolik, Partai Murba, dan IPKI bergabung
dalam PDI. Selain kedua kelompok tersebut ada pula kelompok Golkar yang semula bernama
Sekber Golkar. Pengelompokkan tersebut secara formal berlaku pula di lingkungan DPR dan MPR.
(Gonggong dan Asy’arie, ed, 2005).Pemerintah Orde Baru menghimpun energi semua komponen
bangsa kedalam agenda bersama yang diformulasikan dalam bentuk Trilogi Pembangunan. Suatu
rencana kemandirian bangsa yang diletakkan pada pilar stabilitas, pembangunan di segala bidang
dan pemerataan pembangunan beserta hasil-hasilnya kepada seluruh rakyat.
Trilogi Pembangunan
1. Stabilitas nasional yang sehat dan dinamis.
2. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cukup tinggi.
3. Pemerataan pembangunan dan hasil-hasilnya menuju kepada terciptanya keadilan sosial bagi
seluruh rakyat.
Masa Orde Baru melakukan penyeragaman
ideologis melalui ideologi Pancasila atau
disebut dengan praktik depolitisasi yaitu
B. penghapusan atau penghilangan partai
politik. Ide terkait penyeragaman ideologis ini
Penyeragaman dikemukakan Presiden Soeharto pada
tanggal 19 Desember 1974 bertepatan
Rehabilitaasi
yang lain,termasuk soal-soal politik.
Konsekuensinya kebijakan politik dalam dan luar
negeri pemerintah harus sedemikian rupa hingga
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